Male Equine and Bovine Reproductive Organs Flashcards
describe the scrotal and epididymal position in stallions, ruminants, and carnivores; which species has a pendulous scrotum?
caudal pole: where tail of epididymis is located
carnivores and boars caudal pole is caudodorsal
bull and small ruminants: caudal pole is ventral, testis is vertical and pendulous!
stallions: caudal pole is caudal, testis is horizontal; NOT pendulous!
which species has rudimentary teats in front of the scrotum?
ruminants
which tissue layer is the defining layer between the open and closed castration techniques?
if the parietal vaginal tunic is incised, is now an open castration
for the stallion prepuce, list the part and identify (5)
- prepuce (internal and external laminae)
- preputial orifice/cavity: between internal and external lamina of prepuce
- preputial fold (external and internal laminae)
- preputial ring (between projections of prepitial fold)
- free part of penis (inside preputial fold, which is inside prepuce)
list and identify the parts of the stallion glans penis
- urethral process (contains the external urethral orifice)
- fossa of the glans
- urethral sinus (contains the diverticulum of the fossa glandis and fills with smegma)
describe the equine penis type and erection
musculocavernosus type
bulb is filed with corpus spongiousum erectile tissue covered by bulbospongious muscle
crus are filled with corpus cavernosus and covered in ischiocavernosus muscle
penile erection is accomplished by filling of the erectile tissue, resulting in an increase in length and width
describe the bovine penis type and erection
fibroelastic type, with sigmoid flexure
has limited erectile tissue that is enclosed within a thick tunica albuginea, therefore only a small increase in blood supply to the cavernosus tissue achieves erection
erection in ruminants increases the length of the penis only, due to straightening of the sigmoid flexure; diameter does not increase much during erection of a fibroelastic penis
describe the bovine prepuce
the prepuce is the sheath of the penis, and has an external lamina (haired skin) and an internal lamina
self trauma to the prepuce (pendulous) is common and can result in a prolapsed inner lamina
inner lamina can also be exposed via relaxation, different from trauma or involuntary prolapse
what is a persistent frenulum in relation to a bovine penis?
the frenulum is the normal adherence between the skin of the free part of the penis and the inner lamina of the prepuce in a normal male, and normally breaks down during puberty, but if persists will need to be cut in order for the male to breed
list and describe the 4 equine and bovine accessory sex glands
- paired ampullae of ductus deferens: cranial, within the genital fold
- paired seminal vesicles/vesicular glands: in the middle
- paired lobes of the prostate gland: caudal
-bovine not b - paired bulbourethral glands: located on the floor of the pelvic cavity, near the ischial arch
describe the blood supply to the bovine penis (3)
similar to the dog
all branches from the artery of the penis:
1. dorsal branch: supplies glans and prepuce
2. deep artery supplies corpus cavernosum of the crura
3. artery of the bulb supplies corpus spongiosum of the bulb
describe blood supply to the equine penis (4)
since it is a musculocavernosus type, it needs ALOT of blood!
- external pudendal artery divides into cranial and caudal branches as usual, and these branches run along the dorsal edge of the penis
- the obturator artery divides into cranial and caudal branches; the caudal branch is the deep artery of the penis, which supplies the corpus cavernosum
- the internal pudendal artery gives rise to the artery of the penis, which divides into cranial and caudal branches; the caudal branch is the artery of the bulb, which supplies the corpus spongiousum
- branches from each above anastomose on the dorsal surface of the penis and form the dorsal artery of the penis, which supplies the prepuce and the glans
