male and female reproductive

Question 1

what is Peyroine’s disease and why it occurs/pathway

Answer 1

• growth of fibrous plaques within penis
• due to inflammation in penis
  = decrease oxygen in penis = fibrosis and calcification
  = abnormal curvature of penis

Question 2

S+S of Peyroine’s disease

Answer 2

• erection pain
• painful sex
• poor erection
• poor penetration

Question 3

treatment of Peyroine’s disease

Answer 3

• surgical removal of plaques
• pain relief

Question 4

what is Testicular torsion and what occurs due to it

Answer 4

• twisting of spermatic cord
  = decrease blood supply to testicles
  = necrosis of testicular tissue with tissue dysfunction

Question 5

S+S of Testicular torsion

Answer 5

• pain
• nausea and vomiting
• fever

Question 6

treatment of Testicular torsion

Answer 6

• immediate detorsion (untwisting)
• surgery if required

Question 7

what is Benign prostatic hyperplasia and what occurs from it

Answer 7

• prostatic enlargement
  = urethral compression
  = urinary retention
  = bladder dilation

Question 8

S+S Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 8

• urinary issues
• painful urination
• feeling of bladder fullness when not
• nocturia

Question 9

Treatment Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 9

• medication to shrink prostate gland
• surgery

Question 10

What is Endometriosis and pathway

Answer 10

• ectopic endometrial tissue
• ectopic endometrial tissue responds cyclically to hormones
  = growth and breakdown occurs
  = irritation to surrounding tissue
  = tissue damage
  = inflammation and scarring

Question 11

S+S endometriosis

Answer 11

• pain
• abnormal bleeding patterns
• painful sex
• urination pain
• GI issues

Question 12

treatment for endometriosis

Answer 12

• pain management
• surgery
• hormone therapy

Question 13

what is endometriosis classified on

Answer 13

• lesion size
• location
• amount of scarring

Question 14

Breast cancer risk factors

Answer 14

• decreased age at menarche
• increase age of menopause
• no or late 1st pregnancy
• genetics

Question 15

types of breast cancer

Answer 15

1. invasive (can spread to other parts of body)
   - ductal carcinoma
   = tumour grows into surrounding tissues

• lobular carcinoma
  = start in lobular cells and spreads to surrounding tissue

2. non-invasive
   - ductal carcinoma in-situ
   = epithelial duct cells
   = tumour remains in duct

• lobular carcinoma in-situ
  = lobular cells (not cancerous)

Question 16

S+S of breast cancer

Answer 16

• lump or swelling in breast
• skin changes of breast
• changes of nipple
• discharge from nipple
• pain

Question 17

breast cancer treatments

Answer 17

• chemotherapy
• surgery
• radiation
• hormone therapy