CASE STUDY NOTES Brain injury

Question 1

types of traumatic brain injury

Answer 1

1. Focal TBI
   - Localized injury
2. diffuse TBI
   - widespread damage

Question 2

types of focal TBI

Answer 2

• contusion (brain damage at impact points)
  either
  1. coup injury = damage at initial point of impact
  2. contre coup injury = damage at point opposite to coup injury due to rebound
• hematoma (blood collection)
  can be
  1. epidural (between bone and dura)
  2. subdural (between dura and arachnoid)
  3. subarachnoid (between arachnoid and pia)
  4. intra cerebral (within cerebral tissue)

Question 3

what is diffuse TBI severity

Answer 3

concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury

Question 4

TBI management

Answer 4

• GCS assessment
• ICP monitoring and maintenance if required
• supportive care

Question 5

two types of stroke characterisation

Answer 5

1. ischemic (blockage in cerebral vessel)
2. hemorrhagic (broken cerebral vessel with bleeding)

Question 6

what does stroke lead to

Answer 6

Decrease blood flow to area of brain with subsequent necrosis

Question 7

what is Transient ischemic attack

Answer 7

• Temporary decrease in blood flow, some changes in function
• Fast recovery
• warning sign for stroke

Question 8

2 Different Ischemic stroke types

Answer 8

1. thrombotic (blockage forms in situm)
2. Embolic (embolus gets stuck in cerebral vessel)
   //both occur due to atherosclerosis//

Question 9

Hemorrhagic stroke 2 different places

Answer 9

• Both types decrease blood flow
• blood damages neurons
  1. intra cerebral
  2. subarachnoid