Male Anatomy

Question 1

Where does the ductus deferens enter the abdominal cavity ?

Answer 1

Inguinal canal

Question 2

Describe the pathway of sperm in the testis from the tubules to the vas

Answer 2

Seminiferous tubule >Rete testis >efferent ductules > Head of epididymis >Body > Tail > Vas

Question 3

Which structure surrounds the seminiferous tubules ?

Answer 3

Tunica albuginea

Question 4

Which structure envelops the testis ? What is its origin ?

Answer 4

Tunica vaginalis , invagination of the peritoneum occurring during the descent

Question 5

Which condition an occur at the tunica vaginalis ? How do you test it ?

Answer 5

Hydrocele : fluid in the cavity between parietal and visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis

Shine light through skin of the testis

Question 6

What are the two types of cell in the testis ?

Answer 6

Sertoli

Leydig

Question 7

What is the function of the Sertoli and Leydig cells ?

Answer 7

Sertoli : make up the wall of the seminiferous tubules and support spermatogenesis

Leydig cells : involved in androgen synthesis

Question 8

Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the testis

Answer 8

Testicular arteries originate directly from abdominal aorta

Venous drainage : Right testicular vein in IVS , Left testicular vein in the left renal vein

Question 9

At which level are the lymph nodes for the testis and scrotum ?

Answer 9

Testis drain at para aortic

Scrotum drain at superficial inguinal

Question 10

What common condition happens on the left testis and why ?

Answer 10

Varicocoele : dilation of pampniform plexus in scrotum due t longer venous drainage on the left side and more vertical (higher pressure )

Soft lumps in scrotum

Question 11

What is the Cremasteric reflex ? In which condition is it absent ?

Answer 11

Stimulation of L1 dermatome , stimulation of ilioinguinal nerve , movement of testicles up

Absent in testicular torsion

Question 12

Which testicular deformity can lead to testicular torsion and what can be the consequence ?

Answer 12

Bell-clapper deformity : tunica vaginalis envelops the entire testis up to the cord

Interruption of blood flow: first venous then artery due to increased pressure

Question 13

What separate the testis ?

Answer 13

Septum of scrotum

Question 14

How is the spermatic cord formed ?

Answer 14

Evagination through the abdominal wall driven by the gubernaculum

Question 15

What are the fascia layers of the spermatic cord ?

Answer 15

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

Question 16

Where is the vas in relation to the ureter ?

Answer 16

Ureter under vas

Question 17

Which percentage of total ejaculate fluid is produced by each gland ?

Answer 17

10% testis(sperm included)
65% seminal vesicles
25% prostate
1%by periurethral and Cowper’s glands

Question 18

What is the function of the prostate ?

Answer 18

Proteolytic enzymes for stopping coagulation of semen

Also prevent involuntary urination

Question 19

Which zone of the prostate is involved in Benign prostatic hypertrophy ?

Answer 19

Transitional zone around urethra

Question 20

In which zone of prostate do prostate cancer tend to be ?

Answer 20

Peripheral zone

Question 21

Outline the venous drainage of the prostate

Answer 21

Prostatic venous plexus > internal iliac vein

Question 22

What is he blood supply to the prostate ?

Answer 22

Prostatic arteries derived from the internal iliac arteries (also from internal pudenpal )

Question 23

What are the 3 part of the penis and their composition ?

Answer 23

Root : fixed , erectile structures are the two crura and the bulb

Body : free, two corpus cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum

Glans : conical shape , formed by corpus spongiosum , contains external urethral orifice

Question 24

What is the blood supply to the penis ?

Answer 24

Internal iliac > internal pudendal>perineal > Dorsal arteries , Deep arteries , Bulbourethral arteries

Question 25

What causes erection ? Describe the innervation involved

Answer 25

Vasodilation of penile arteries and compression of veins : engorgement of corpus cavernosa

Vasodilation : parasympathetic stimulation

Ejaculation : sympathetic system

Question 26

Describe the venous drainage of the penis

Answer 26

Deep dorsal vein (cavernous spaces ) and superficial veins drain in prostatic venous plexus

Question 27

Which nerve supplies the Cremasteric muscle ?

Answer 27

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve