Female Anatomy Flashcards
Explain water under the bridge in female anatomy
Ureter under uterine artery
Why do female get sharp pain at ovulation ?
Ovary completely enclosed in parietal peritoneum , at ovulation , follicle ruptures breaching the peritoneum to produce oocyte
Parietal peritoneum innervated by somatic nerves so sharply aliased pain
Why do nuns tend to have ovarian cancer ?
No pregnancy so maximum number of ovulation , capsule of ovaries traumatised
What is an ovarian cyst ? What can be the consequences ?
Fluid filled lesion on ovaries
Can burst , Compression , torsion of ovarian cyst causing compartment syndrome
Which part of the uterus expand during pregnancy ?
Fundus
Where does fertilisation usually occur ? How is that clinically significant
Ampulla of uterine tube
Commonest site of ectopic pregnancy
Where is the egg released at ovulation ?
Peritoneal cavity
What is the reception part of the uterine tube ?
Infundibulum
What are the two types of cells in the uterine tubes ?
Ciliated cells
Peg cells : secrete factors to maintain egg
What is the cervix? It’s function ?
Lower part of uterus , connect main body to the vagina
Facilitate passage of sperm by dilating internal and external so
Maintains sterility of upper female repro tract
What marks the transition between the ectocervix and endocervix ? How is it clinically relevant ?
External so
Transition between stratified squamous epithelium and simple columnar
Cervical cancer common : squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma
What is the broad ligament ?
Double fold of parietal peritoneum connecting uterus to lateral pelvic wall
act as mesentery
What is the round ligament ? What is its function ?
Remnant of gubernaculum
Maintains uterus in anteverted position
Connected to labia majora via the inguinal canal
What is the ovarian ligament ?
Ligament connecting ovaries to uterus ,continuous with the round ligament
What is the suspension ligament ?
Bulging in peritoneum formed by neurovasculature to ovaries
What are the different part of the broad ligament ?
Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Describe the blood supply to the uterus and vagina and their course
Internal iliac artery gives uterine and vagina arteries
Uterine artery travel through the mesometrium
Describe the blood supply to the ovaries
Ovarian arteries for abdominal aorta to Hilum through the suspensory ligament
What is the surface of the ovaries made of ?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Aka Germinal epithelium
Describe the position of the uterus and vagina
Anteverted: angle between axis of vagina and axis of cervix is less than 180
Anteflexed: angle between axis of cervix and axis of uterine body less than 180
What is the epithelium of the vagina and what is found in the epithelium and why ?
Stratified squamous
Contains glycogen for lactobacillus to make lactic acid for acidic environment of vagina
What are the Labia Majora connected to ?
Round ligament , via inguinal canal
