Malaria + EBV + HIV Flashcards
What is Malaria?
Notifibale Protozoal Infection
What Is it carried by and caused by?
Female anopheles mosquitos carry plasmodium Falciparum/ Ovale/ Vivax/ malariae (many diff species but 5 cause malaria)
Which is the worse infection?
Plasmodium Falciparum
Where and who is it most common in?
In africa, very young/old
Pregnant woman
Pathology of malaria
Sporozoites (plasmodium in stage if development) in mosquitos saliva inoculate in human host
Multiply in hepatocytes as merozoites
(P.Vivax + Ovale go dormant as hypnozoites)
(P. Falciparum, malariae and Knowlesi multiply and form merozoites)
Then into RBCs; Merozoites –> Trophozoites (invade RBCs) –> Schizont (grows by digesting Hb - replicating) –> Mew merozoites
RBCs repture + cause systemic infection
what do we consider Malaria as in?
A differential diagnosis in ferverish patient with recent travel history
In Children with convulsions (60-80%), high ICP and hypoglycaemia, what should we rule out? How?
Meningitis - examination
CSF analysis (if no high ICP)
Symptoms of Malaria?
Fever + exotic travel, Haemolytic anemia, BLACKWATER FEVER (malarial hameoglobinuria), hepatosplenomegaly (massive)
Diagnosis?
Test and result?
Blood smear/film
Thick - malaria?
Thin species?
need 3 separate negative readings before declared negative (like TB)
Treatment for Malaria
Quinine + Doxycyclin (anti malarial)
or artesunate IV if severe
SE of quinine?
hypoglycaemia
What is EBV associated with?
Many other conditions: Hodgekins, Burkitts, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What is EBV associated with?
Many other conditions: Hodgekins, Burkitts, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Typical Px?
How is it spread?
15-24y/o
Saliva or bodily fluids
What does EBV affect?
B cells in tonsils
Symptoms of EBV?
Varies mild Sx (sore throat, hepatosplenomegaly) and self limiting
Diagnosis?
Atypical lymphocytes on blood film
What is HIV?
what are the 2 types?
Retrovirus (uses reverse transcriptase)
HIV 1 = MC more virulent (severe)
HIV 2 = LC less virulent
Risk factor for HIV?
sharing needles/needle stick injury
MSM, unprotected anal sex
Pathology of HIV
HIV gp120 binds to CD4 on Thelper cells
Endocytoses RNA + enzymes into cell
Reverse transcriptase; RNA TO DNA
Integrase; Viral DNA integrated into hosts
Protein Synthesis
Viral Proteins + RNA exocytose + take part of CD4+ cell CSM
Therefore high viral copies and low CD4+ cells
Draw the graph showing HIV RNA copies and CD4+ Count in body over time
Look at notes
Diagnosis of HIV
history + Anti HIV Ig
p24 Ab - ELISA test
Monitor progression - HIV RNA copies and CD4 count
Treatment for HIV
HAART (Highly active anti retroviral therapy)
3 drugs < ; reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Aim: maintain CD4 count and decrease HIV RNA copies
