Malaria + EBV + HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What is Malaria?

A

Notifibale Protozoal Infection

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2
Q

What Is it carried by and caused by?

A

Female anopheles mosquitos carry plasmodium Falciparum/ Ovale/ Vivax/ malariae (many diff species but 5 cause malaria)

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3
Q

Which is the worse infection?

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

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4
Q

Where and who is it most common in?

A

In africa, very young/old
Pregnant woman

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5
Q

Pathology of malaria

A

Sporozoites (plasmodium in stage if development) in mosquitos saliva inoculate in human host

Multiply in hepatocytes as merozoites
(P.Vivax + Ovale go dormant as hypnozoites)
(P. Falciparum, malariae and Knowlesi multiply and form merozoites)

Then into RBCs; Merozoites –> Trophozoites (invade RBCs) –> Schizont (grows by digesting Hb - replicating) –> Mew merozoites

RBCs repture + cause systemic infection

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6
Q

what do we consider Malaria as in?

A

A differential diagnosis in ferverish patient with recent travel history

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7
Q

In Children with convulsions (60-80%), high ICP and hypoglycaemia, what should we rule out? How?

A

Meningitis - examination
CSF analysis (if no high ICP)

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8
Q

Symptoms of Malaria?

A

Fever + exotic travel, Haemolytic anemia, BLACKWATER FEVER (malarial hameoglobinuria), hepatosplenomegaly (massive)

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9
Q

Diagnosis?
Test and result?

A

Blood smear/film
Thick - malaria?
Thin species?

need 3 separate negative readings before declared negative (like TB)

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10
Q

Treatment for Malaria

A

Quinine + Doxycyclin (anti malarial)
or artesunate IV if severe

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11
Q

SE of quinine?

A

hypoglycaemia

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12
Q

What is EBV associated with?

A

Many other conditions: Hodgekins, Burkitts, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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12
Q

What is EBV associated with?

A

Many other conditions: Hodgekins, Burkitts, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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13
Q

Typical Px?
How is it spread?

A

15-24y/o
Saliva or bodily fluids

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14
Q

What does EBV affect?

A

B cells in tonsils

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15
Q

Symptoms of EBV?

A

Varies mild Sx (sore throat, hepatosplenomegaly) and self limiting

16
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Atypical lymphocytes on blood film

17
Q

What is HIV?
what are the 2 types?

A

Retrovirus (uses reverse transcriptase)
HIV 1 = MC more virulent (severe)
HIV 2 = LC less virulent

18
Q

Risk factor for HIV?

A

sharing needles/needle stick injury
MSM, unprotected anal sex

19
Q

Pathology of HIV

A

HIV gp120 binds to CD4 on Thelper cells
Endocytoses RNA + enzymes into cell
Reverse transcriptase; RNA TO DNA
Integrase; Viral DNA integrated into hosts
Protein Synthesis
Viral Proteins + RNA exocytose + take part of CD4+ cell CSM

Therefore high viral copies and low CD4+ cells

20
Q

Draw the graph showing HIV RNA copies and CD4+ Count in body over time

A

Look at notes

21
Q

Diagnosis of HIV

A

history + Anti HIV Ig
p24 Ab - ELISA test
Monitor progression - HIV RNA copies and CD4 count

22
Q

Treatment for HIV

A

HAART (Highly active anti retroviral therapy)
3 drugs < ; reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Aim: maintain CD4 count and decrease HIV RNA copies