Introduction

Question 1

In FBC, which cells is it key to look at?

Answer 1

RBC
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Platelets
Eosinophils
Monocytes

Question 2

What do RBC levels show?

Answer 2

Anemia

Question 3

Neutrophils
Normal amount in blood?
Higher than normal?
Lower than normal?

Answer 3

2-7.5 x 10^4 / L
Neutrophilia (higher) >7.5
Due to acute bacterial Infection

Neutropenia (lower) <2
Due to myeloma, lymphoma

Question 4

Lymphocytes
Normal amount in blood?
Higher than normal?
Lower than normal?

Answer 4

1.3 - 3.5 x 10^4
Lymphocytosis (higher) >3.5
Due to chronic infections

Lymphocytopenia (lower) <1.3

Question 5

Platelets
Normal amount in blood?
Higher than normal?
Lower than normal?

Answer 5

150-400 x 10^4 / L

Thrombocytosis (higher) >400
Thrombocytopenia (lower) <150

Question 6

Eosinophils, when are they elevated?

Answer 6

In parasitic infections

Question 7

Monocytes elevated in?

Answer 7

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Question 8

2 Clotting screen tests?

Answer 8

PT / INR
(prothrombin time)

APTT
(activated partial thromboplastin time)

Question 9

What does PT & INR measure?
Normal INR?
Increased INR values and reasons?

Answer 9

PT- measures how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample, coagulation speed through extrinsic pathway (10-13.5s)

INR = patient PT / Reference PT

Normal INR - 0.8-1.2
If on warfarin 2-3

INR may be high due to : anti coags, Liver disease, vit K deficiency, DIC (disseminated intravascular coag)

Question 10

What does APTT measure?
What is it affected by?

Answer 10

Coagulation speed through intrinsic pathway (35-45s)
Maybe 60-80s on heparin

Affected by hemophilia A (f8), haemophilia B (f9) + VWF disease
(Normal PT + prolonged APTT)