Malaria/Babes (lec 26, 27)

Question 1

Malaria caused by?

Answer 1

Plasmodium vivax, falciparum, malariae

Question 2

Malaria lifecycle?

Answer 2

Mosquito transmission of plasmodium sporoziotes ->
sporoziotes to liver -> schizogony asex division ->
merozoites released -> infect liver cells/RBCs ->

becomes ring trophozoite -> become amoeboid troph or multi-nucl schizont -> cells rupture

Question 3

Malaria infection?

Answer 3

microbe consumes Hgb -> RBCs brust/release pyrogenic waste -> causes fever/chills/GI

Pyogens to hypothalm -> ↑ thermal setpoint

Tumor necrosis factor ↑ sxs

Results in anemia, hypoTN

Question 4

Malaria resistance?

Answer 4

Sickle cell resist falciparum

Duffy antigen is p. vivax receptor
Blacks lack Duffy -> resistant to vivax

Question 5

Malaria epidemiology?

Answer 5

Human/ape reservoirs
Night feeding mosquito vector
Tolerant carrier spread

Question 6

Benign Tertian Malaria caused by?

Presentation?

Answer 6

p. vivax

Low fatality,
(U) young erythrocytes infected,
Paroxyms of fever/chills from ruptured RBC schizonts,
Relapse from liver hypnozoites activation

Question 7

P. vivax epidemiology?

Diagnostics?

Tx?

Answer 7

tropics (rare in US)
human reservoir
Sickle cell immune

Giemsa stain = large RBCs w/ Schuffner’s dots

chloroquine

Question 8

Malignant Tertian Malaria caused by?

Virulence?

Answer 8

p. falciparum

Infects RBCs of all stages
Rapid multiplication
RBCs stick to cap walls -> capillary destruction

NO relapse cuz no hypnozoite stage

Question 9

Malignant Tertian Malaria presentation?

Answer 9

↑↑↑ fever (from ↑ # of microbes)

Lead to Blackwater Fever:
Fever/chills, rigor, black urine,
↑↑ free Hgb in urine ->
autoimm destruction of kidney

Question 10

Malignant Tertian Malaria other variants?

Answer 10

Cerebral:
capillaries occluded ->
necrosis/hemorr, convulsions, death

Gastric:
+ vomitting

Algid:
cold skin/hot core

Question 11

P. Falciparum diagnostics?

Answer 11

RBCs w/ multiple ring, crescent gametes, Maurer’s dots

Young trophozoites/gametocytes, NO schizonts

Question 12

Quartan Malaria caused by?

Presentation?

Answer 12

Plasmodium malariae

Infect old erythrocytes,
Paroxy Q 4 days

Question 13

Quartan Malaria epidemiology?

Diagnostics?

Answer 13

Zoonotic (primates)

Basket/band trophozoites
Rosette schizonts

Question 14

Babesiosis caused by?

Virulence?

Answer 14

Babesia microti

similar to p. falciparum
infect RBCs

Question 15

Babesiosis presentation?

Answer 15

malaria-like sxs

asymp to severe

Question 16

Babesiosis epidemiology?

Diagnostics?

Answer 16

Deer tick vector
New England, warm months

Cross-like morph in RBCs