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Infectious Disease > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What is malaria ?

A

Group of protozoan anthroponic vector borne infection characterized by fever , anemia and hepatomegaly.

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2
Q

Causative agent

A

Protozoa
Class sporozoa
Genus Plasmodium

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3
Q

Types of plasmodium causing malaria

A

P.Falcifarum
P.Ovale
P.Vivax
P.Malariae

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4
Q

Epidemiology of Malaria

A

Third world countries

Africa , South Asia and South America

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5
Q

How is malaria transmitted ?

A

vector borne ( mosquito )
Vertically ( mother to child )
blood transfusion
Organ transplant

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6
Q

What is the vector of malaria ?

A

Anaphelese female mosquito

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7
Q

Stages of mosquito development

A

Eggs
Larva
Puppa
Adult

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8
Q

Who can have immunity to malaria caused by falsifarum

A

Sickle cell anemia

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

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9
Q

Who can have immunity to vivax

A

Indigenous people of West and central Africa due to Duffy mutation.

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10
Q

Pathogenesis of anemia in malaria

A

Due to hemolysis

Causes by parasites destroying the red blood cells

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11
Q

Incubation period of falsifarum

A

8-16 days

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12
Q

Incubation period of vivax and ovale

A

10-20 days caused by yacht sporozites

7-14 months by Brady sporozites

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13
Q

Incubation of p.malariae

A

3-6 weeks

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14
Q

Clinical periods of malaria

A

1) incubation period
2) period of first symptoms
3) latent period
4) period of late symptoms
5) period of convalescence

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15
Q

Stages of malarial paroxysm

A

1) cold stage
2) hot stage
3) sweating stage

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16
Q

Which temperature can patient reach in hot stage ?

A

Up to 41 degrees

17
Q

Types of relapse of malaria

A

Early

Late

18
Q

Explain early relapse

A

Due to some parasites surviving in blood after the disease

19
Q

Explain late relapse

A

Due to the persistency of vivax , ovale and malariae

20
Q

Complications that can occur due to falcifarum.

A 
Cerebral malaria ( malerial coma )
Algid malaria 
Hemoglobuneric fever ( blackwater fever )
Splenic rupture
acute rénal failure
Pulmonary edema
DIC syndrome
Hypoglycemia
21
Q

Diagnosis of malaria

A

Clinical signs
Antigen detection test
Diagnosis by ex juvantivus ( by effectiveness of treatment )

22
Q

Describe antigen detection test

A

Immunochromatographic reaction.

Detection of histidine rich protein 2 of falcifarum.

23
Q

What is diagnosis by ex juvantivus

A

Using anti malarial drugs and if it treats the patient diagnosis is malaria.

24
Q

Treatment of P.vivax

A

Chloroquine

Primaquine to prevent relapses

25
Q

Treatment of P.falcifarum

A

ACT artemisinin combination therapy

Artemether + mefloquine combined with primaquine

26
Q

Which drugs can be used for chemoprophylaxis of malaria

A

Doxycycline for short term

Mefloquine for long term

Infectious Disease (7 decks)

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