Malaria

Question 1

4 types of malaria

Answer 1

P. falciparum (dangerous)
P. vivax
P. ovale
P malariae

Question 2

Conditions for malaria to thrive ?

Answer 2

> 15 degrees
below 3000m

Question 3

Malaria life cycle

Answer 3

• infective stage (sporozoite) is a slender, one-celled parasite
• invades liver in 45 mins, changes to merozoite
• mulitplies, after a week bursts out liver cells and invades RBCs
• this causes illness, can be taken back up by mosquitos
• infection only transmitted if gametocytes taken up
• sexual reproduction in mosquito

Question 4

phases of reproduction in malaria

Answer 4

one sexual, three asexual
- sexual and 1st asexual only occur in anopheline mosquito
- 2nd in liver
- 3rd in the blood

Question 5

sexual phase of malaria reproduction

Answer 5

ingested gametocytes:
- swell
- discharge osmophilic bodies into RBCs
- disrupt RBC membrane
male and female produce zygote –> ookinete –> stomach wall, penetrates gut wall

Question 6

1st asexual phase of malaria

Answer 6

oocyst –> sporozoites in sporocyst burst out and migrate to salivary gland

Question 7

how many merozoites in a sporocyst

Answer 7

100,000

Question 8

plasmodium

Answer 8

malaria

Question 9

malaria 2nd asexual phase

Answer 9

• leave blood and enter kuppfer cells in liver, then hepatocytes which are nutrient rich
• sporozoite –> trophozoite
• then merozoite

Question 10

3rd asexual phase malaria

Answer 10

• merozoite burst out of hepatocytes and invade RBCs
• ingests haemoglobin

Question 11

2 steps of invasion of RBC by merozoites

Answer 11

1. receptor recognition and binding
2. erythyocyte defomation

Question 12

How does malaria invade the cells

Answer 12

forms rhopteries and micronemes which secrete invasion molecules