Malaria Flashcards
what is the best way to prevent bites?
-mosquito net which has permethrin
-DEET 20-50 (50% last longer)
who can use DEET? when to apply
-suitable for anyone over 2 years
-bad taste so avoid ingestion and wash hands after
-suitable for pregnancy and bre
-apply after sunscreen- as it redcues SPF of sunscreen use high lotion
what are the different drugs that can be used for prophylaxis treatment of malaria?
malarone
chloroquine
proguanil
mefloquine
doxcycline
what can you sue for prophylaxisi and how long before travel do you take it?
malarone- 1-2 days
chloroquine 1 weeks
proguanil 1 week
mefloquine 2-3 weeks
doxcycline 1-2 days
what is the dosing for the prophylaxis treatment for malaria?
malarone 1 daily
chloroquine 1 weekly
proguanil 1 daily
mefloquine 1 weekly
doxcycline 1 daily
how long do you have to take treatment after travel for the prophylaxis treatment for malaria?
malarone 1 week
chloroquine 4 weeks
proguanil 4 weeks
mefloquine 4 weeks
doxcycline 4 weeks
what is the maximum use for the prophylaxis treatment for malaria?
malarone 1 year
chloroquine long term
proguanil long term
mefloquine 1 year
doxcycline 2 years
(PC long -long term use)
how long do you have to be careful with illness after travel?
-illness can occur within 1 year especially 3 months of return high still be malaria so need to speak to doctor
what patient groups have different treatment routines?
-asplenia (without a spleen): risk of severe of malaria
-pregnancy should avoid travel to these countries but can take chloroquine and proguanil can be given also take 5mg folic acid (POM) due to neural tube defects risk
what patients take what types of medication shouldn’t take chloroquine and mefloquine?
-epilepsy
-quniolones reduce seguiré threshold
what should patients taking warfarin do regarding malaria safety?
-want to begin treatment 2-3 weeks before departure
-INR should be stable before departure (as they can affect INR levels)
-INR needs to be measured before anti-malarial, 7 days after starting and after completing course. Prolonged stays -check INR regularly
what are some cautions for antimalarial medications?
-mefloquine=history of pyschatric disorder, if develops stop and get help, or history of convulsion dont take
-chloroquine= history of convulsions dont take, can be retinotoxic, refer if getting symptoms
-proguanil= renal impairment, use at reduced dose
-doxcycline= avoid exposure to sunlight
what is standby treatment for malaria?
-can carry standby emergency treatment if likely to be more than 24hrs away from medical care
-self medicated should be avoided if medical help is accessible
-traveler’s should be provided with written instructions: seek urgent help if fever over 38 degrees develops 7+ days after arriving in malarious area, self treatment if cant get to hospital in 24hrs
