Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GENERAL MEDICINE > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria is transmitted by what

A

The bite of a female an Anopheles mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the species that cause malaria

A
  1. P falciparum
  2. P vivax
  3. P Ovale
  4. P malaria
  5. P Knowlesi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which species caused the most dangerous infection

A

P falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are merozoites

A

Sporozoites that multiply it inside hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in the pre- erythrocytic phase

A

Protozoa enters via mosquito bite and travels to the liver where infects the parasites and multiplies there. The infected hepatocytes rupture and then released into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which species remain dormant in the liver as hypnozoites which remain dormant and reactivate causing relapsing infection 

A

P. Vivax and P. Ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the erythrocytic stage

A

Inside the red blood cells parasites Attach through the Duffy antigen and then multiply again 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In which disease is the Duffy antigen absent

A

Sickle cell anemia 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which diseases wore off malarial infection

A
  1. Sickle cell anaemia
  2. thalassaemia
  3. G6PD deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which species invades reticulocytes

A

P. Vivax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does P falciparum avoid destruction in the spleen

A

It generates a sticky routine that coat’s the surface of infected RBCs. Looks like knobs. They block blood vessels and avoid destruction in the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

 What is Blackwater fever

A

The passage of dark urine haemoglobinuria in P. falciparum malaria infection. It is due to widespread intravascular haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the complications of severe falciparum malaria

A
  1. Cerebral malaria
  2. Blackwater fever
  3. DIC
  4. severe anaemia
  5. acute respiratory distress syndrome
  6. hypoglycaemia
  7. metabolic acidosis
  8. G.I. problems (diarrhea, jaundice, splenic rupture)
  9. Shock-hypotension
  10. hyperpyrexia
  11. Oliguria
  12. acute renal failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical features of P malaria

A
  1. Qurtan fever - fever reoccurs after every 72 hours
  2. Associate with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the clinical features of P. Vivax and p. Ovale 

A
  1. Benign tertian malaria fever spikes every 48 hours
  2. anaemia with tender hepatosplenomegaly
  3. hypnozoites in liver can cause relapse infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you diagnose malaria

A
  1. Giemsa stain stained thick and thin blood films
  2. Rapid stick tests that detect malarial antigens
17
Q

What does thick blood smear show

A

Confirmation of malaria Infection

18
Q

What does thin blood smear show

A

Identifies the species of the parasite

19
Q

What are the symptoms of acute malarial infection

A
  1. Anorexia, headaches, and fevers
  2. Paroxysmal fever
20
Q

What are the stages of paroxysmal fever

A
  1. Cold stage. patient feels very cold for about 30 minutes to an hour. Temperature rapidly rises
  2. Hot stage. Shivering stops patient feels intense heat
  3. Sweating stage. Patient breaks into profuse perspiration temperature declines. Patient feels relief
21
Q

What are the clinical forms of falciparum malaria

A
  1. Cerebral malaria
  2. Algid malaria
  3. septicaemic malaria
  4. Blackwater fever
22
Q

What is an important clinical finding of Algid malaria

A

Peripheral circulatory collapse

23
Q

What is an important finding of septicaemic malaria

A

Hepatorenal syndrome and spontaneous splenic rupture

24
Q

How do you treat falciparum malaria

A
  1. Quinine10 mg /KG 12 hourly IV
  2. blood transfusion
  3. Mannitol if oliguria develops
25
Q

What is the treatment of acute attack malaria sensitive to chloroquine

A

Chloroquine 250 mg given as follows
1. 4 tabs stat
2. 2 tab after six hours
3. 1 tab twice daily for the next two days

After successful treatment it is necessary to give 2 to 3 weeks course of primaquine 15 mg /day 

26
Q

What drug is used to eradicate Hepatic hypnozoites and prevent relapse

A

Primaquine 15 mg per day

27
Q

Which drug maybe used if chloroquine is not tolerated

A

Amodiaquine

28
Q

What other drugs can be used if chloroquine resistant malaria occurs

A
  1. Artemether
  2. Quinine sulphate
  3. mefloquine - 20 mg/KG in 2 doses eight hours apart
  4. Fansidar - Three tabs stat
  5. Halfantrine - two tabs six hourly (Total six tabs)
29
Q

What is the course of artemether

A
  1. Artem To stat injection in gluteal area and one daily for four days
  2. Artemether 80mg , lumefantrine 480mg. 3 days twice daily
    
30
Q

Why is Lumefantrine used in combination with arthemether

A

It has a much longer half life and clears any residual parasites

31
Q

Explain the course of quinine sulphate for malarial infection

A

600 mg TDS For five days followed by a single dose of three tab fansider (sulfadoxine 1.5 mg + pyrimethamine 75mg) 

32
Q

What is tropical spleenomagaly syndrome

A

It is a syndrome with exaggerated immune responses to repeated malaria infections. It occurs in areas where malaria is hyper endemic.

33
Q

What are the characteristics of tropical splenomegaly syndrome

A
  1. Anaemia massive
  2. splenomegaly
  3. marked elevation in serum IgM antibodies
  4. Malaria parasites are usually absent in peripheral film
34
Q

What is the management of tropical splenomegaly syndrome

A

Proguanil 100 mg daily for years with folic acid 5 mg daily

GENERAL MEDICINE (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions