Malaria

Question 1

It is an acute and chronic parasitic disease
transmitted by bite of infected mosquitoes

Answer 1

MALARIA is an acute and chronic parasitic disease transmitted by bite of infected mosquitoes and it is confined mainly to tropical and subtropical
areas.

Question 2

MALARIA is transmitted by a

Answer 2

Female Anopheles Mosquito

Question 3

CHARACTERISTICS OF A Female Anopheles Mosquito

N-H-F-R

Answer 3

Night biting (9PM-3AM)
High flying
Free flowing water
Rural area

Question 4

A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Which of the following statements does not accurately describes characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum?

a. Most malignant type of parasite
b. Resistant to Chloroquine
c. SULFADOXINE responds to P. falciparum
d. none of the options

Answer 4

d. none of the options

Plasmodium falciparum (most common)
-Most malignant type of parasite
-Resistant to Chloroquine
-SULFADOXINE responds to P. falciparum

Question 5

4 causative agents of malaria

Answer 5

1. Plasmodium falciparum (most common)
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium malariae
4. Plasmodium ovale

Question 6

MALARIA MOT:

Answer 6

Mosquito bite (vector-borne)

Question 7

MALARIA Incubation Period:

Answer 7

10 to 12 days

Question 8

A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected malaria who is experiencing shivering, chills, and teeth chattering. Which stage of malaria does this presentation correspond to?

A) 2nd Stage (Hot stage)
B) 3rd Stage (Wet stage)
C) 1st Stage (Cold stage)
D) 4th Stage (Convalescent stage)

Answer 8

C) 1st Stage (Cold stage)

Question 9

During the “Hot stage” of malaria, a nurse expects the patient to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

A) Severe diaphoresis
B) Shivering and chills
C) Generalized flushing and very high fever
D) Malarial cachexia

Answer 9

C) Generalized flushing and very high fever

Question 10

A patient with malaria enters the “Wet stage” on the 3rd day of the illness. What clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate during this stage?

A) Severe diaphoresis
B) Malarial cachexia
C) Jaundice and hepatomegaly
D) Teeth chattering and chills

Answer 10

C) Jaundice and hepatomegaly

Question 11

A nurse is providing care to a patient in the convalescent stage of malaria. What symptoms or conditions are commonly associated with this stage?

A) Severe diaphoresis
B) Malarial cachexia
C) Resolution of fever and return to normal health
D) Reddened face, eyes, and skin

Answer 11

C) Resolution of fever and return to normal health

Question 12

Shivering, chills, teeth chattering

STAGE:

Answer 12

1ST STAGE
(Cold
stage)

Question 13

Fever may rise up to 40 C
Complains of very high fever,
generalized flushing
Reddened face, eye, skin

STAGE:

Answer 13

2ND STAGE
(Hot stage)

Question 14

Severe diaphoresis
STAGE:

Answer 14

3RD STAGE

Question 15

-Happens on the 3rd day (height of
fever)

-Malarial cachexia (anemia,
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly,
jaundice)

Answer 15

(Wet stage)

Question 16

A nurse is caring for a patient suspected of having malaria. The healthcare provider orders a peripheral blood smear to be taken at the height of fever, typically on the 3rd day of illness. What is the primary purpose of obtaining a blood smear at this specific time?

A) To determine the patient’s overall blood cell count
B) To assess the patient’s clotting factors
C) To identify the specific protozoan causing the infection
D) To evaluate the patient’s liver function

Answer 16

C) To identify the specific protozoan causing the infection

Rationale: Taking a blood smear at the height of fever is crucial for identifying the specific protozoan causing the malaria infection. This is achieved through both thick and thin smears, with the thick smear providing quantitative data regarding the number of parasites and the thin smear offering qualitative data to identify the specific protozoans.

Question 17

A nurse is caring for a patient suspected of having malaria. The healthcare provider orders a peripheral blood smear to be taken at the height of fever, typically on the 3rd day of illness. What information is the nurse most likely to obtain from the thick peripheral blood smear?

A) The specific protozoan causing the infection
B) Qualitative data on the presence of parasites
C) Quantitative data on the number of protozoans
D) Overall blood cell count

Answer 17

C) Quantitative data on the number of protozoans

Question 18

The nurse is explaining the purpose of a thin peripheral blood smear to a patient diagnosed with malaria. What is the primary goal of obtaining a thin smear?

A) To assess overall blood cell count
B) To identify the specific protozoan causing the infection
C) To evaluate liver function
D) To determine the patient’s clotting factors

Answer 18

B) To identify the specific protozoan causing the infection

Rationale: A thin peripheral blood smear is used to obtain qualitative data, specifically to identify the specific protozoan causing the malaria infection.

Question 19

During a nursing exam, a student is asked about the significance of taking a peripheral blood smear at the height of fever in a suspected malaria case. What is the primary reason for timing the blood sample collection on the 3rd day?

A) Maximum parasite concentration in the blood
B) Minimal impact on overall blood cell count
C) Optimal assessment of liver function
D) Standardization of clotting factors

Answer 19

A) Maximum parasite concentration in the blood

Rationale: Collecting a blood sample at the height of fever, typically on the 3rd day, ensures the maximum concentration of parasites in the blood, providing an accurate representation for both quantitative and qualitative analysis through thick and thin peripheral blood smears.

Question 20

A patient diagnosed with malaria is prescribed chloroquine (Aralen) for treatment. What is the primary indication for using chloroquine in the medical management of malaria?

A) To address neurologic toxicity
B) Prophylaxis before entering an endemic area
C) Emergency treatment during the wet stage
D) To prevent teratogenic effects during pregnancy

Answer 20

B) Prophylaxis before entering an endemic area

Rationale: Chloroquine is commonly used for prophylaxis in individuals traveling to malaria-endemic areas. Taking chloroquine one week before entering such areas helps prevent the development of malaria.

Question 21

Rationale: Chloroquine is commonly used for prophylaxis in individuals traveling to malaria-endemic areas. Taking chloroquine one week before entering such areas helps prevent the development of malaria.

Answer 21

Correct Answer: B) Neurologic toxicity, such as confusion and convulsions

Rationale: Quinine is associated with neurologic toxicity, and the nurse should closely monitor for signs such as disorientation, confusion, convulsions, and seizures during its administration.

Question 22

The nursing care plan for a patient with malaria includes monitoring for signs of bleeding. What is the primary reason for this aspect of nursing management?

A) Erythrocyte rupture and invasion of the liver
B) Neurologic toxicity caused by antimalarial drugs
C) DHN (delayed hemolytic reaction)
D) Prophylaxis during pregnancy

Answer 22

A) Erythrocyte rupture and invasion of the liver

Rationale: Monitoring for signs of bleeding is essential in malaria management due to the potential rupture of erythrocytes and invasion of the liver, which can affect prothrombin synthesis and lead to bleeding complications.

Question 23

NURSING MANAGEMENT

Answer 23

NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. TSB (fever)
2. Increase fluid intake (wet stage)
3. Monitor VS and signs of bleeding (rupture of
erythrocytes, invades the LIVER responsible to
Prothrombin synthesis)
4. Monitor F&E balance (WOF: DHN)
5. Maintain bed rest until the fever and other symptoms
have ceased
6. Encourage iron-rich, Vit C (anemia, increase

Question 24

PREVENTION
A pregnant woman is seeking advice on malaria prevention. What recommendation should the nurse provide regarding insecticide use?

A) “Avoid using insecticides, as they may harm the developing fetus.”
B) “Apply insecticides liberally on exposed skin, especially during the daytime.”
C) “Use insecticide-treated bed nets during the peak biting times of 9 PM to 3 AM.”
D) “Insecticides are not effective; rely on antimalarial drugs for prevention.”

Answer 24

C) “Use insecticide-treated bed nets during the peak biting times of 9 PM to 3 AM.”

Rationale: Insecticide-treated bed nets are a safe and effective means of preventing malaria, and their use is especially recommended during the peak biting times of malaria-carrying mosquitoes

Question 25

A community health nurse is implementing measures to prevent malaria transmission in a local area. What intervention involves the construction of bio-ponds and the introduction of larvivorous fish?

A) On stream clearing
B) On stream seeding
C) Wearing protective clothing
D) Zooprophylaxis

Answer 25

B) On stream seeding

Rationale: On stream seeding involves the construction of bio-ponds for larvivorous fish propagation. This method aims to control mosquito breeding in water bodies by introducing fish that feed on mosquito larvae.

Question 26

A group of residents in a malaria-endemic area is interested in reducing the risk of mosquito vector habituation in nearby streams. What intervention should the nurse recommend?

A) Wearing protective clothing that covers arms and legs
B) On stream clearing
C) Avoiding outdoor activities during peak biting hours
D) Planting neem trees or other herbal plants

Answer 26

B) On stream clearing

Rationale: On stream clearing involves cutting vegetation along stream banks to expose breeding streams to sunlight, rendering them unsuitable for mosquito vector habituation

Question 27

A public health campaign is educating the community on personal measures to prevent malaria. What advice should the nurse emphasize to community members regarding outdoor activities?

A) Engaging in outdoor activities during peak mosquito biting hours
B) Wearing clothing that covers arms and legs in the evening
C) Staying indoors during the daytime
D) Planting neem trees for mosquito control

Question 28

A community health nurse is implementing strategies for zooprophylaxis to reduce mosquito bites in a malaria-endemic area. What is the primary goal of placing domestic animals like carabao and cows near human dwellings?

A) To attract mosquitoes away from human hosts
B) To eliminate mosquito breeding sites
C) To provide an additional source of nutrition for mosquitoes
D) To serve as a deterrent for other insects

Answer 28

A) To attract mosquitoes away from human hosts

Rationale: Zooprophylaxis involves placing domestic animals near human dwellings to divert mosquito bites from humans to these animals. This strategy aims to reduce the risk of malaria transmission to humans by redirecting the mosquitoes’ feeding preference.