Malaria

Question 1

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Quinine (Qualaquin)

Answer 1

Quinolone derivitive Accumulate in parasite vacuole -disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin- yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases Prophylaxis: treatment of acute malarial attacks Cinchonism& hypotension& hypoglycemia& abortion& arrhythmias — Also called quinidine (used in anti-arrhythmias)

Question 2

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Chloroquine (Aralen)

Answer 2

Quinolone derivitive Accumulate in parasite vacuole -disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin- yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases Prophylaxis: treatment of acute malarial attacks Itching (Africans)& retinitis (rare) — —

Question 3

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

Answer 3

Quinolone derivitive Accumulate in parasite vacuole -disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin- yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases Prophylaxis: treatment of acute malarial attacks — — —

Question 4

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Mefloquine (Lariam)

Answer 4

Quinolone derivitive Accumulate in parasite vacuole -disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin- yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases Prophylaxis: treatment of acute malarial attacks — — —

Question 5

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Primaquine (Primaryl)

Answer 5

Quinolone derivitive Forms quinolone-quinone intermediates that oxidize schizont membranes Prophylaxis: treatment of acute malarial attacks Hemolysis (G6PD)& methemoglobinemia Fever& nausea& vomiting Only drug that inhibits exoerythrocytic schyzogony

Question 6

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Answer 6

— Positive charge helps chloroquine overcome chloroquine-resistant malaria vacuoles; point mutations against amantadine return bacteria to chloroquine-sensitivity — — — —

Question 7

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Artesunate

Answer 7

Artemisinin compound Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum — Neurotoxicity& prolongation of QT interval — —

Question 8

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Artemether

Answer 8

Artemisinin compound Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum — — — —

Question 9

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Lumefantrine

Answer 9

Aminoalcohol Used in combination w/artemether (called Coartem) — — Also called benflumentol

Question 10

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Atovaquone (Mepron)

Answer 10

Napthalene Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electron transport Used in combination w/proguanil — — —

Question 11

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Chloroguanide (Malarone)

Answer 11

Antifolates Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (human and parasite pathway) — Rare — Also called proguanil

Question 12

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)

Answer 12

Antifolates Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (human and parasite pathway) — — — —

Question 13

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Tetracycline (Tetracyn)

Answer 13

Antibiotic — Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria — — —

Question 14

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

Answer 14

Antibiotic — Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria — — —

Question 15

Class;Mechanism;Therapeutics;SideEffects

Doxycycline (Adoxa)

Answer 15

Antibiotic — Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria Photosensitivity — —