Malacca Empire ( Administrative legal system)

Question 1

State the heirarchy of Melaka administrative system

Answer 1

• Raja/Sultan
• Bendahara/ Temenggung/ Laksamana/ Penghulu Bendahari
• the Eight Lords
• The 16 officials/ major cheifs
• 32 minor cheifs

Question 2

Explain about Sultan. (7)

Answer 2

• main source for everything considered the supreme power
• souce and centre of secular power
• “Sultan” term was influenced by Islam
• has sovereign power(kuasa berdaulat)
• can determine the punishment
• only he could wear yellow
• ## Art. 2.1 (HKM) : words signify royalty ( titah, kurnia, patik, murka, anugerah)

Question 3

Explain about Bendahara

Answer 3

• PM (representative of Sultan)
• 2nd in command
• main minister in Melaka Sultanate administration
• must be a royal blood& must have close ties to the King
• conducts prosecution
• Tun Perak

Question 4

Explain about Temenggung

Answer 4

• Minister of home affairs/ inspector general of police(Ketua polis negara)
• commander of troops and police
• oversee the internal peace& security of the state
• arrest criminals, building& maintaining prisons
• executor / head of legal matter
• head of protocols in

Question 5

Explain about Laksamana

Answer 5

• panglima angkatan tentera, commander-in-Cheif of Army, commander-in-Cheif of Navy
• oversee the security of the ship in the sea
• execute the sentence passed
• bearing the royal swords during official functions
• acted as a diplomat to escort royal envoys
• Hang Tuah

Question 6

Explain about Penghulu bendahari

Answer 6

• minister of finance
• oversee financial matters
• tresurer(bendahari) of the states
• collects taxes& state revenues (hasil negeri)
• keeps records of royal slaves
• Head of harbour masters(syahbandar)

Question 7

Explain about Syahbandar

Answer 7

• minister of transport/ harbor master
• oversee welfare of traders
• provide accomodation fro traders
• provide proper place to store the merchandise good

Question 8

Who are the other ministers?

Answer 8

• the orang kaya-kaya
• the ceteria
• the sisa-sida
• the bentara
• the hulubalang