Hinduism

Question 1

Give points for an introduction to questions under the topic of Hinduism.

Answer 1

• the system of administration in Melaka-initially-Hindu system-as the founder Parameswara a prince from Sailendra was a Hindu-ruler was known as raja-head of the state government
• title raja used from the influence of Hindu
• Sultan Muzaffar Shah’s period-Sultan was used to show the Islamic influence

Question 2

Trial by ordeal is a method of deciding someone’s innocence/guilt by passing certain physical tests. What are they?

Answer 2

-passing through fire
-putting hands in boiling watahhhh

Question 3

State Hindu criminal law elements

Answer 3

• law of retaliation
  -caste distinctions varied the penalties
  -retaliation was carried out only when a lower caste injured someone of a higher caste. If equal, fines were usually imposed.
  -offenses involving force: death for treason, murder, robbery; execution: impaling, hanging, drowning
  -adultery of married woman punishable with fine only.

Question 4

Moral punishments related to personal humiliation and mental awareness:

Repeated theft
Molesting someone’s wife
Slander

Explain.

Answer 4

Repeated theft: mounted on a white buffalo garlanded with hibiscus display around the town and stolen goods will be hung around the neck
Molesting someone’s wife: will be asked to apologize among ppl in the assembly ; if refused to be fined one paha of gold and 10 tahil
Slander: Raja Mandeliar and Kitul who slandered Tun Mutahir were killed by way of sula with their families.

Question 5

Physical influences involved bodily torture :

Answer 5

Article 3:3 – selling royal command ~ scalping of head/splitting the tongue.
Article 12:2 – rape ~ a man cannot be forced to marry a girl he raped, but pay certain fines of two paha gold.