Making Salts Flashcards
what do acids form when they react with bases?
salt and water
what is the formula for ammonium?
NH4(+)
what is the formula for copper(II)?
Cu(2+)
what is the formula for zinc(II)?
Zn(2+)
what is the formula for lead(II)?
Pb(2+)
what is the formula for iron(II)?
Fe(2+)
what is the formula for iron(III)?
Fe(3+)
what is the formula for nitrate?
NO3(-)
what is the formula for hydroxide?
OH(-)
what is the formula for hydrogencarbonate?
HCO3(-)
what is the formula for sulfate?
SO4(2-)
what is the formula for cabonate?
CO3(2-)
when naming salts, do you put the cation or anion first?
cation first, then anion (e.g zinc sulfate)
are lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium salts soluble or insoluble?
soluble
are nitrates soluble or insoluble?
soluble
are chlorides, bromides and iodides soluble or insoluble?
soluble
except: silver halides, copper iodide, lead chloride, bromide & iodide
are sulfates soluble or insoluble?
soluble
except: barium, calcium and lead sulfate
are hydroxides soluble or insoluble?
insoluble
except: lithium, sodium, potassium, strontium, calcium, barium and ammonium hydroxides
are carbonates soluble or insoluble?
insoluble
except: lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates
what colour precipitate does copper carbonate form?
blue-green
what colour precipitate does silver carbonate form?
yellow
when can you use a precipitate reaction to make salts?
if the salt you want to make is insoluble
what is an insoluble salt also known as?
precipitate
when will you know if all the acid has been neutralised when making soluble salts?
no more solid will dissolve, so it will just sink to the bottom of the flask
what’s crystallisation?
evaporating some of the water out of the salt solution and then leaving the rest to evaporate very slowly to get pure, solid crystals of the salt
why do you have to use different methods for making soluble salts out of insoluble bases and alkalis?
you can’t tell if the reaction has finished when using an alkali, so you can’t just add an excess to the acid and filter out what’s left
what’s the most accurate way to find the right amount of alkali to neutralise an acid?
titration
