makeup test Flashcards
parazoans have no definite symmetry
true
a true coelom is formed from endodermal cells
false
where does a true coelom formed from?
the mesoderm
modern humans originated from western africa
false
protostomes develop mouth first from or near the blastopore
true
coelomate have a body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm
false
athropod
protostome
mollusks
protostome
chordates
deuterostome
platyomenthis
protostome
echinoderm
deuterostome
which is the most successful animal group
arthropod
which set lists the animal adaptions in oder from earliest to most recent?
no symmetry,
radial symmetry,
bilateral symmetry,
back bones
most animals are
invertebrates
which is an example of a cnidarian
jellyfish
a clam is what
mollusk
chordate group includes which animals ?
vertebrates
all animals are descended from
ancestral protist
which group contains a species that is not a hominoid
human, chimpanzee, homo melanin, home erectus
the fossil remains of artipithicus radius showed
the ability to walk upright preceded the evolution of a larger brain
who is mitochondrial eve?
african maternal ancestry of all humanity to date
hominoids include
living and extinct great apes, humans, orangutans, chimps, and gorillas
animals are the _____ of the earth
consumers
what are the 5 key transitions in animal evolution
- tissues
- symmetry
- body cavity
- development
- segmentation
_______are the simplest animals that lack defined tissues and organs and symmetry
Parazoa (sponges)
___________ (all other animals) have distinct and well-defined tissues and symmetry
eumetazoa
what are the 2 main types of symmetry
radial and bilateral
body parts arranged around a central axis ; can be bisected into 2 separate halves
radial symmetry
body has right and left halves that are mirror images
bilateral symmetry
bilaterally symmetrical animals have a what 2 advantages over radially symmetrical animals
cephalization
greater mobility
what is cephalization
evolution of a definite brain area
what are the 3 germ layers produced by a eumetazoa?
ectoderm ( body coverings and nervous system and muscles )
mesoderm ( skeleton)
endoderm (inner digestive organs and intestines)
space surrounded by mesoderm tissue that is formed during development
body cavity
3 basic kinds of body plans
acoelomates
pseudocoelmoates
coelomates
the ______ made possible the development of advanced organs systems
body cavity
blood passes from vessels into sinuses, mixes with body fluids and reenters the vessels
open circulatory system
blood moves continuously through vessels that are separated from body fluids
closed circulatory system
blastopore
opening to outside
archenteron
primitive body cavity
________develop the mouth first from or near the blastopore
protostomes
develop the anus first from the blastopore
deuterstomes
deuterostomes evolved from protostomes more than __________
500 MYA
uses unique sequences within certain genes to identify clusters of related groups
molecular systematics
molecular analysis may also explain the
cambrian explosion
the enormous expansion of animal diversity
cambrian explosion
provided a tool that can produce rapid changes in body plan
the homeobox
sponge reproduction
asexual
fragmentation
phylum cnidaria
most marine diploblastic tissues no organs no nervous system
common ancestor of apes and hominids is thought to have been a
arboreal climber
Gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee
Larger brains than monkeys and lack tails
Paraphyletic group – some more closely related to hominids
apes
Humans
Soon after the gorilla lineage diverged, the common ancestor of all hominids split off from the chimpanzee line to begin the evolutionary journey leading to humans
hominids
what two features that allowed primates to succeed in an arboreal environment
- grasping fingers and toes
2. binocular vision
a platypus is a
they lay shelled eggs
lack well developed nips
single opening for feces, urine, and sex
monotreme
mammals reached their max diversity in the _______period
tertiary period
2 fundamentally mammalian traits
hair
mammary glands
there are about _____species of mammals
4,500
how many orders of birds are there
28 orders
_____are the most diverse of all terrestrial vertebrates
birds
success for birds lies in what structure
feathers
all living reptiles exhibit 3 features
- amniotic eggs which are watertight
- dry skin
- thoracic breathing
3 modern amphibian groups
order anura
order caudata
order apoda
2 major groups of bony fishes
ray finned fishes
lobe finned fishes
________are the most species-rich group of all vertebrates
bony fishes
class chondrichthyes
sharks
skates
rays
the first fishes had mouths with
no jaws
_____evolved from the anterior gill arches that were made of cartilage
jaws
most diverse vertebrate group
over half of all vertebrates
fishes
vertebrates are chordates with a spinal column
true
phylum chordata can be divided into 3 subphyla
urochordata
cephalochordata
vertebrata
4 features of chordates
- nerve chord
- notochord
- pharyngeal slits
- postanal tail
chordates are
deuterostome coelomates
phylum echinodermata include
seastars brittle stars sea urchins sand dollars and sea cucumbers
arthropod success due to
segmentation exoskeleton open circulatory system nervous system compound eyes respiratory system
arthropods 4 classes
chelicerata
crustacea
hexpoda
myriapoda
