test one Flashcards
relationship in which two different organisms live together often interdependently
symbiosis
symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits at the expense of the other
parasitism
a population is group of interacting populations of different species living together in the same are
false
trophic levels are feeding levels based on position in a food chain
true
organism at base of food chain are consumers and are higher up the food chain than producers
false
niche overlap results in competition
true
ecosystems are made up of the living and nonliving components of an environment
false
moderate winters and rainfall
temperate forest
warm temperatures and sufficient rainfall
tropical forests
extreme dryness
desert
low growing vegetation; permafrost
tundra
perennial grasses and nonwoody plants
grasslands
the carbon cycle is the movement of carbon atoms via natural processes such as
D. decomposition; photosynthesis; respiration
what makes an organism a keystone species
c. its loss would negatively impact the ecosystem and the community
which is NOT necessarily true of a keystone species?
d. they are the most abundant species in the community
which is NOT true of consumers
c. they are photosynthetic
producers are photosynthetic
true
a graph of the growth of the human population has what shape
a. j shape
the human population is growing exponentially largely due to
all of the above
the growth rate of a population is calculated from the ______for that population
B. difference between birth and death
which of the following conditions would lead to the fastest population growth
c. birth rate> death rate; immigration> emigration
removal of a predator from an ecosystem may do all of the following EXCEPT
allow prey populations to remain above carrying capacity
symbiosis describes
species living in close association with each other
the study of the interaction among organisms and between organisms and their nonliving environment
ecology
how an individual organism fares in its surroundings
individual level
interacting populations of different species
community
species interacting with other species and the environment
ecosystem
organisms distributed in geographic space;
depends on resources and interactions with other members of the population;
reflect behavioral or ecological adaption
distribution pattern
this type of distribution may allow individuals to maximize their access to resources
random distribution
this type of distribution occurs when resources are unevenly distributed across the landscape ;
or when social behavior dictates grouping
clumped distribution
this type of distribution results from territorial behavior
uniform distribution
difference between the birth rate and the death rate is the
growth rate
movement of individuals INTO a population
immigration
movement of individuals OUT of a population
emigration
unrestricted growth of a population increasing at a constant growth rate is
exponential growth
starts off fast and then levels off;
environmental factors will limit an organism’s ability to reproduce;
for example access to habitat
logistic growth
the physical environment where an organism lives and to which it is adapted
habitat
the maximum number of individuals that an environment can support given its space and resources;
upper limit on the size of any population
carrying capacity
the size of the population may fluctuate around the environments _____
carrying capacity
a number of factors influence the likelihood that wolves will kill moose
isle royale
number of organisms per given area
population density
a factor whose influence on population size and growth depends on the number and crowding of individual in the population;
such as a predation
density- dependent factors
a factor that influences population size and growth regardless of the numbers and crowding within a population
such as weather
density independent factors
living components of an environment
biotic factors
nonliving components of environment
abiotic factors
what are factors that affect population size?
disease
climate change
a groups of interacting populations of different species living together in the same area
community
predator prey interactions can involve
physical defense
toxicity
warning coloration
mimicry
the space environmental conditions, and resources that a species needs in order to survive and reproduce
ecological niche
one of the competing species will be driving to extinction
competitive exclusion principle
symbiotic relationship in which both members benefit
mutualism
symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits and other is unharmed
commensalism
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
biodiversity
the number of species living in a habitat or other unit
species richness
species which serves as the base or bedrock of a community;
often primary producers and abundant
foundation species
species on which other species depend
hold the community together
keystone species
sequential appearance or disappearance of species over time is called
succession
