final exam Flashcards
subspecies are populations of species that occur in different areas and differ slightly from each other
true
biodiversity decreases the stability and resilience of community and ecosystems
false
conservation biologists use particular species as tools to conserve community and ecosystem
true
human society can function without biodiversity benefits
false
biodiversity hotspots are areas that support a high number of species
true
sum total of all organisms in an area
biodiversity
the number of variety of species in the world or in a particular region
species diversity
the difference in DNA
genetic diversity
the number and variety of ecosystems
ecosystem diversity
genetically similar parents mate and produce defective offspring
inbreeding depression
biodiversity __________
increased towards the equator
the most important reason for decreased biodiversity
habitat destruction
the dodo bird is ________
extinct
hotspots are regions of high
endemism
endemic species are
species localized in specific areas
species richness means
a number of species per unit area
conservation biology is concerned with
factors that influence the loss protection and restoration of biodiversity
what ethical principle is supported by conservation biology
all of the above
biophillia is
connection that human subconsciously seek with life
extent to which numbers of individual of different species are equal or skewed
evenness or relative abundance
scientists who classify species
taxonomists
related species are grouped
together
groups of genera
families
every species has a two part scientific name
genus and species
species richness increases toward the equator
latitudinal gradient
areas where habitats intermix often have higher diversity
ecotones
extinction of a keystone species may cause other species to
decline or disappear
biodiversity increases the ___ and ______ of communities and ecosystems
stability and resilience
people visit natural areas creating economic opportunity for residents living near those areas ( costa rica: rainforests) australia: (great barrier reef)
ecotourism
what are threats to biodiversity
habitat loss
overharvesting
invasive species
climate change
emissions of _______ gases warm temperatures
greenhouse
a rapid extinction of a large number of lineages scattered throughout the tree of life. occurs when at least 60% of the species present are wiped out within 1 million years
mass extinction
the lower average rate of extinction representing the relatively constant normal loss of some species ; normally occurs when the normal environment changes, emerging diseases, or competition reduces certain populations to zero
background extinction
in the past 440 million years mass extinctions have eliminated at least _________% of all species
50%
an updated list of species facing high risks of extinctions
the red list
since 1970, ____fish species, ____ bird species, and ____ mammal have gone extinct
58, 9, 1
in the US in the last 500 years how many animal and plant species have been confirmed extinct?
236-animal
17- plant
how small a population can become before it runs into problems
minimum viable population
explains how species come to be distributed among oceanic islands
equilibrium theory of island biogeography
large islands contain more species then small islands
area effect
forbids the government and private citizen from taking actions that destroy endangered species or their habitats
endangered species act (1973) ESA
as of 2008, the US had _______ species listed as endangered
1046
how many species are listed as threatened
307
canada’s endangered species law; stresses cooperation between landowners and provincial governments; criticized as being too weak
species at risk act (2002)
large and charismatic species used as spearheads for biodiversity conservation
flagship species
protects endangered species by banning international transport of their body parts
UN convention on international trade in endangered species of wild f
- ensure the fair distribution of biodiversity benefits
- by 2008, 188 nations had signed on
- US did not join
convention on biological diversity
species found nowhere else in the world
endemic species
individuals are bred and raised with the intent of reintroducing them into the wild
ex : zoos and botanical gardens
captive breeding
a technique to create more individuals and save species from extinction
cloning
