Major therapeutic approaches

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Involuntary Response
Pavlov
Food= salivating
When a conditioned stimuli is introduced, the salivating starts -
a bell becomes the indicator that food is coming, therefore, dog salivates when hears the bell.

Therapy good in Fears
Exposure therapy: slowly confront the fear- will produce less anxiety over time.
Invivo exposure- face in real life (face spiders)
Imaginal Exposure- imagine the spiders
Flooding: best with phobias/and anxiety- exposure in an intense amount of time-

Systematic desensitization: gradual, train person to not feel as much fear every time. Write a list of fears- talk of how the fear makes you feel. Then slowly address fear and describe

Aversion therapy: pairs an undesirable behavior with an undesirable stimuli_ like alcohol treatment using a medication to endure vomiting

Question 2

operant conditioning

Answer 2

Skinner
Reinforcement: positive or negative.
Good therapy for Autistic Children

Positive is to add something to decrease or weaken the behavior
Negative is to take away something

Question 3

Shaping

Answer 3

Teaching a desired behavior by continual reinforcement until desirable behavior is reached

Question 4

Extinction (operant conditioning)

Answer 4

Behavior will begin to decline when not reinforced over time

Question 5

Token economy

Answer 5

Tokens are collected and exchanged for a meaningful object privilege
Often used in institutional settings
Teach appropriate behaviors and social skills that can be used in ones own environment
As good behavior is formed_ token is given less and less_ but behavior stays

Question 6

Social learning theory

Answer 6

Albert Bandura
Behaviors are learned by observation
Children may imitate or copy the behaviors of the model person.
Those doing the behaviors are “models”

Uses reinforcements and punishment_
A child will take in what happens to the model when they decide weather or not to copy /learn that behavior

Question 7

Ways to learn thru social learning theory

Answer 7

Modeling- observe someone and copy that behavior
Play therapy- the SW models how to respond to a situation
Social skills training- observe group members and therapist behaviors and learn to model them afterwards

Question 8

Behavioral therapy summary

Answer 8

Action based therapy that fosters positive behavior change
Focus on present behaviors
Behaviors are both learned and un-learned
Goal is to help learn positive behaviors

Main disciplines of behavioral therapy:
Applied behavior analysis
Cognitive therapy
Social learning

Question 9

Cognitive therapy

Answer 9

Bases on thoughts and perceptions
Reassess negative thoughts to positive that influence behaviors
SS and client together work to identify skills to replace distorted thoughts and beliefs
Focused on present
Cognitive distortions are negative/biases ways of thinking that lead to faulty assumptions and worsen moods

Techniques: evaluation- reframing- journaling thoughts

Question 10

CBT. Cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 10

Examine thoughts with a behavioral approach
Breaks down problems to parts-easier to deal with
By changing the way we think or behave in a situation- we can change the way we feel about life

Techniques:
Thought restructuring, examine behaviors, habits, distorted thoughts.
Provide psycho education, thought, and behavioral exercises , specific plan and action, time-limited sessions, problem solving

Question 11

DBT Dialectical behavioral therapy

Answer 11

Treatment for borderline personality disorder- helps reduce self harm and suicide attempts
Teaches: regulating emotions, living in the moment, tolerating stress,managing relationships
Done individually and group settings

Collaborative, multiple cognitive distortions, psycho education (critical) focus on function (behavior)

Question 12

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. (RET)

Answer 12

Help a person identify unhealthy emotions; beliefs and behaviors that can negatively impact persons life
Work closely with individual- help identify their belief set (attitudes, expectations, personal rules) that do not serve them well and lead to emotional distress

More confrontative, work on unreasonable pathological expectations of self, (shoulda, must, ought) focus on irrational beliefs

Question 13

EMDR. Eye movement Desensitization and reprocessing

Answer 13

Treat PTSD

Military combat, physical assault, rape or car accidents

Question 14

Psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 14

Based on unconscious thoughts, perspectives developed thru childhood,
Help client see patterns of past thoughts, perspectives that shape behavior

Focus on individual subconscious, deep rooted thoughts from childhood
Techniques: free association, dream fantasy
Interpretation
Clients learn how to interpret deeply burried memories or experiences that may cause distress

Question 15

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 15

Based on unconscious thoughts, perspectives developed thru childhood,
Help client see patterns of past thoughts, perspectives that shape behavior

Help review emotions, thoughts,early life experiences beliefs
Gain insight into their lives and present day problems
Evaluate patterns
Help develop defense mechanisms as a method of coping
Help client take steps to change negative, unhealthy patterns of thoughts, emotions, beliefs

Question 16

Humanistic theory

Answer 16

Existential therapy - explore through philosophical perspective

Gestalt therapy- focus on whole experience of the individual- gain awareness of here and now- gain knowledge for ones purpose in life

Client centered therapy -person centered- non directive- requires client to take action role in treatment, therapist is no directive and supportive
Empathy and unconditional positive rewards

Question 17

Feminist therapy

Answer 17

Person centered approach
Empower person- to address things- strong sense of self, social transformation,

Therapist works to prevent bias, demonstrate understanding of oppression, offer genuine non-heirarchial relationship that emphasizes on mutuality and equality

Question 18

Solution Focused Therapy

Answer 18

brief therapy
looks at what to achieve, not past history

Questions asked by MSW to help individuals uncover own strengths and resources

solution focused- works well with those who are goal oriented. and have desire to change

miracle questions, expectation, strength focused here and now, and future , goal oriented.

Question 19

Task oriented therapy

Answer 19

task centered is short term services, focus on problems/ behaviors (not emotions)

therapist does not direct the client- working instead with client collaboratively to define and possible solve problems

Used frequently in hospital and case management settings.

Question 20

Family Therapy

Answer 20

also known as “systemic therapy”- works with those in close relations to foster change. (does not have to be “biological” families

Use” structural, strategic, and generational (Bowen) approach

Techniques: sculpting, mapping, enactment, circular method, positive reframing

Question 21

Group therapy

Answer 21

Takes place in group setting of shared difficulties
Offers emotional support and help in developing interpersonal skills.
psychodrama- use of media drama to enactment/ role play, to better understand
offers place that is safe to explore past, present, future

Question 22

Couple therapy

Answer 22

term applied to talk therapy for two people in a relationship
No secret rules- if one partner calls the MSW, the sw will clarify the no secret rules and invite partner to bring up concerns in next meeting

Question 23

Crisis theory

Answer 23

disequilibrium and decrease functioning as a result of event,
Crisis is an individuals perspective
Crisis is a threat to homeostasis
Acute response: helplessness, confusion, anxiety, shock, anger
Assumption is that a person will learn new coping skills

Question 24

Domains of Crisis

Answer 24

Maturation Crisis: developmental crisis; normal life even: birth, marriage, divorce, graduation

Situational crisis: most common- cause my a circumstance.

Existential Crisis: based on larger concepts of purpose and attainment of actualization, deep sense of personal fulfillment. -Regret, or belief that life has passed you by..

Question 25

Stages of Normal reaction to crisis

Answer 25

1. initial rise of tension from event
2. Precipitating event, increase disruption of daily living- unable to resolve quickly
3. tension- rapidly increases, start emergent problem -solving methods
4. depression, mental collapse or may partially resolve crisis by using new coping methods.

Question 26

Crisis Intervention

Answer 26

1. normalize feelings
2. Define precipitating problem
3. Identify problems ,work on developing new skills
4. Gather resources, and help with problem solving
5. Alter perception of negative, instill hope , reframing
6. Continual support until distress is lower
7. Client is stabilized, can cope better, back to baseline.

Goal is to return to base line
The person will get better over time and learn to cope.

Question 27

What MSW does for pt in crisis

Answer 27

address distress, impairment, and instability of pt
Meet client where they are,
Assess level of risks (suicidal, homicidal,)
Mobilize resources
Move strategically to stabilize the crisis and improve functioning.

Question 28

Suicidal and Homicidal Ideation

Answer 28

clarify statements
risks: verbalizations of thoughts of suicide/homicide-
appears very depressed, hopeless, empty, worthless
Homicide: i have nothing to loose, intense anger, verbalize threats.

Assess: do you have thoughts of hurting yourself? others?
do you have a plan
do you have an intent to carry out the plan
Actively suicidal or homicidal (voluntary then involuntary hospitalization)

Question 29

what do I do with suicidal / homicidal ideation?

Answer 29

Thoughts but no plan—- close monitoring, involved family.
Thoughts with plan, but no intention to carry out— close monitoring, 24 hr watch, intensive therapy, refer to medications if client is consent

Thought, with a plan and an intent: consider voluntary hospitalization FIRST, then involuntary

If social worker receives call saying pt is homicidal- notify authority

If client calls and convey intention to hurt someone, notify person and notify authority.

If client is not with the MSW:
Duty to warn (Tarasoff) mandatory, permissionve
Pay attention to jurisdictional lawa
Notify person and authority.