Major forms of heuristics identified by psychologists: Flashcards
What are the major forms of heuristics identified by psychologists?
- Satisficing Heuristic
- Risk-Aversion Heuristic
- Loss-Aversion Heuristic
- Availability Heuristic
- Affect Heuristic
- Association Heuristic
- Simulation Heuristic
- Similarity Heuristic
- Anchoring-and Adjustment Heuristic
The word “satisficing” is a combination of the words “satisfying” and “sufficing”.
Satisficing Heuristic
the basis of the belief that what is certain is preferable to, or is more valuable than the uncertain.
Risk-Aversion Heuristic
the basis of the belief that avoiding losses are preferable to making gains. This kind of heuristic is said to lead to the “status quo bias”
Loss-Aversion Heuristic
the basis of a belief that a related story or an experience that happened to us (or to
someone close to us) that we clearly remember (or are readily available to our memory) will happen again.
Availability Heuristic
the basis of our immediate positive or negative emotional reaction to some idea, proposal, person,
object, or whatever it is that we are deciding on or judging.
Affect Heuristic
the basis of what a word or an idea reminds us or of what we associate with the word
of idea. For instance, in the word “cancer”, people would look onto this word as deadly so they would come up of
an idea to stop doing things that can lead to cancer.
Association Heuristic
the basis of how we imagine various scenarios will happen.
Simulation Heuristic
basis of a belief that what happened to someone else with whom we have certain
similarities will happen to us as well.
Similarity Heuristic
the basis of using a number or a value as a starting point, serving as our “anchor”,
which we later on adjust to a level that we find acceptable.-
Anchoring-and Adjustment Heuristic
