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Behavioral Sciences > Major Figures in Sociology > Flashcards

Major Figures in Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

What social psychologist theorized that the self-concept is reevaluated every time a person enters new social situation?

a. Charles Horton Cooley
b. George Herbert Mead
c. Erving Goffman

A

a. Charles Horton Cooley

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2
Q

What social psychologist is associated with the “looking-glass self”?

a. Charles Horton Cooley
b. George Herbert Mead
c. Erving Goffman

A

a. Charles Horton Cooley

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3
Q

The idea that we acquire a conception of ourselves from the “looking-glass” or mirror of the reactions of others is also known as…

A

“The looking-glass self.”

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4
Q

What sociologist is well known for their theory on social self, and that people are products of social interactions, not logical or biological preconceptions?

a. Charles Horton Cooley
b. George Herbert Mead
c. Erving Goffman

A

b. George Herbert Mead

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5
Q

What psychologist pointed out that 1 outcome of socialization is the ability to anticipate the reactions of others and adjust our behavior accordingly?

a. Charles Horton Cooley
b. George Herbert Mead
c. Erving Goffman

A

b. George Herbert Mead

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6
Q

What psychologist stated that there’s a virtual self waiting to be carried out?

a. Charles Horton Cooley
b. George Herbert Mead
c. Erving Goffman

A

c. Erving Goffman

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7
Q

Goffman used the term ______________ to describe the gap that exists between who we are and who we portray ourselves to be.

A

Role-distance

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8
Q

As proposed by Jean Piaget, what are the 4 stages of Cognitive Development?

A
  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage
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9
Q
  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage

Are all associated with who?

A

Jean Piaget

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10
Q

What type of development did Jean Piaget propose?

A

Cognitive Development

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11
Q

Changes that occur over time in ways that children think, understand, and evaluate a situation is called?

A

Cognitive Development

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12
Q

What stage are infants unable to differentiate themselves from their environment and unaware their actions product results?

  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage
A

Sensorimotor stage

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13
Q

In what stage do children begin to use language and other symbols, and are able to differentiate fantasy from reality?

  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage
A

Preoperational stage

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14
Q

In what stage are children able to think logically and make connections between cause and effect?

  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage
A

Concrete Operational Stage

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15
Q

In what stage are children able to grasp a situation from another person’s point of view?

  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage
A

Concrete Operational Stage

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16
Q

In what stage are children able to think of terms such as metaphors and hypothesis?

  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage
A

Formal Operational stage

17
Q

What psychologist created 8 stages of psychosocial develpment?

A

Erik Erikson

18
Q

What psychologist is often associated with coining the term “identity crisis”?

A

Erik Erikson

19
Q

What psychologist concluded that children go through a sequence of 6 stages of moral reasoning?

a. Jean Piaget
b. Erving Goffman
c. Lawrence Kohlberg
d. Carol Gilligan

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

20
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for proposing 6 stages of _____________?

A

Moral reasoning

21
Q

What psychologist concluded that there is no essential difference between the inner workings of psyches of boys and girls?

a. Jean Piaget
b. Erving Goffman
c. Lawrence Kohlberg
d. Carol Gilligan

A

Carol Gilligan

22
Q

What type of status is one that is given automatically and involuntarily?

A. Ascribed status
B. Achieved Status
C. Master Status

A

Acribed

23
Q

What type of status is one that is a result of one’s own doings or efforts?

A. Ascribed status
B. Achieved Status
C. Master Status

A

Achieved

24
Q

What type of status is one that is one a person is most identified with?

A. Ascribed status
B. Achieved Status
C. Master Status

A

Master

25
Q

A teacher’s desire to want to be friends with students yet understand it is critical to assure they are learning and being challenged is an example of ____________.

A

Role Strain

26
Q

What is it called when a person occupies multiple statues that conflicts with one another?

A

Role conflict

27
Q

What is a number of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time?

a. Social group
b. Aggregate
C. Social category

A

b. Aggregate

28
Q

What is a number of people who have certain characteristics in common?

a. Social group
b. Aggregate
C. Social category

A

A. Social Category

29
Q

Charles Cooley distinguished the difference between primary and secondary groups. Which one of these groups is where interaction is direct?

A

Primary

30
Q

Ferdinand Tonnies distinguished between “gemeinschaft” and “gesellschaft.”

Which of these refers to small communities characterized by tradition and uniqued by belief in common ancestry?

A

Geimeinschaft

31
Q

Ferdinand Tonnies distinguished between “gemeinschaft” and “gesellschaft.”

Which of these refers to one someone joins out of self-interest?

A

Gesellschaft

32
Q

__________________ is a technique of observing and immediately classifying in predetermined ways the ongoing activity in small groups.

A

Interaction process analysis

33
Q

______________ are social groups that provide the standards in terms in which we evaluate ourselves.

A

Reference Groups

34
Q

______________ is the term used to refer to behavior violating a norm.

A

Primary deviance

35
Q

_______________ is the term used to the behavior that results from the social response to such deviance.

A

Secondary deviance

36
Q

________________ represents the structured inequality characterized by groups of people with differential access to the rewards of society because of their relative position in the social hierarchy.

A

Social stratification

37
Q

What is the looking-glass self proposed by Cooley about?

A

People shape their self-concepts based on how people perceive them.

Behavioral Sciences (5 decks)

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