major events Aug 1788-Aug 1789

Question 1

what was Estates general format decided as originally

Answer 1

• equal representation for each estate
• three separate bodies
• one vote per estate
• in December 1788 it was decided the third estate got double representation there was no change to the voting

Question 2

Main points of the first estate’s cahier

Answer 2

1. Votes to be counted by head not order
2. estates general have to agree on tax for it to be introduced
3. Abolish the corvee (forced labour)
4. citizens should have proper legal defence
5. Only Catholicism should be exercised in France

Question 3

Main points of the second Estate’s Cahier

Answer 3

1. Votes by order not head
2. Keep the current government and social system
   3 make letters de cachet illegal
3. There should be no attacks on the property or title of mobility

Question 4

Main points of the third Estate’s Cahier

Answer 4

1. Fix the price of bread lower
2. Suppress privileges for example no militia duty instead small tax for each young man
3. Destruction of all rabbits
4. All men are equal in rights with individual rights protected
5. Checks and balances on the King

Question 5

The calling of the Estates general

Answer 5

• 2nd- 4th May 1889 1200 representatives arrived at Versailles. The third estate met in a lesser apartment than the other two estates
• 5th May Louis opened the first session but failed please the third stage at that as there was no agenda for a reform package
• the first and second estate wanted to verify credentials of those elected in separate bodies but the third estate refused to do this unless they met as one body and there was verification voting would be done by head
• each estate drew up a cahier

Question 6

The creation of the national assembly

Answer 6

• 13th June the 3rd estate voted 491-90 votes to call itself the national assembly
• they claimed they had the right to represent the nation and make decisions for the future of France
• all of the representatives were invited. 19 clergy joined

Question 7

The tennis Court oath

Answer 7

• 20th June1789- deputies found meeting hall locked so elected president, Bailly led them to a tennis court where they promised to never disband no matter where they were forced to meet

Question 8

Louis’ response to defiance of Estates general

Answer 8

• 23rd June Louis accepted principle of consent to new taxation and fairer land tax, but had to use estates general not National Assembly and estates to meet separately- deputies refused to leave out of defiance
• 26th June Louis Brought 4,800 extra troops to Paris
• voting by head awarded and recognition of national assembly on 27th

Question 9

Motives for rebellion in 1789 Paris

Answer 9

1. On July 11 necker was dismissed confirming fears that Louis was preventing reform
2. Parisians spent 88% of their wages on bread and all food entering Paris was subject to entry tax
3. 39% of Parisians were married with no property
4. Louis’ addition meant 30,000 troops now in Paris- fears deputies would be arrested and grain supplies cut off
5. Pamphlets and newspapers were circulated. Literacy rates were high (50% in men, 25% in women)

Question 10

Storming of the Bastille

Answer 10

• 12-13 July, mobs raided sword-smiths/gun shops to arm themselves
• Troops failed to take action/ joined in- prisons, factories and monasteries destroyed (4,000 stormed 1 prison)
• National guard est
• 14th-8000 attacked les invalids and took 32,000 muskets (troops inc. 5,000 at champ de mars refused to take action)
• forced their way into Bastille to get gunpowder. Governor Marquis de Launney was decapitated and 70 attackers killed

Question 11

response to storming of Bastille

Answer 11

1. 17th July- Louis, Lafayette and mayor Bailly travelled to Hotel de Ville wearing revolutionary cockade: accepted the National Guard, national assembly in replacement of National Assembly and Paris commune and promised the reinstatement of Necker
2. Lead to the majority of clergy joining the national assembly. Louis then ordered the remaining clergy/nobility to join the body

Question 12

Town revolt of July 1789 (general)

Answer 12

1. People only Obeyed Louis’ orders if they had been approved by the national assembly
2. In some towns councils broadened their membership and continued as before
3. National guard formed in every town

Question 13

Town revolt in Bordeaux

Answer 13

1. Electors of the third estate, inspired by Paris, seized control

Question 14

Town revolt in Lille, Rouen and Lyon

Answer 14

Municipal corporations which excluded ordinary people were overthrown with force- in Rouen this occurred before the Parisian revolt

Question 15

Town revolt in dijon

Answer 15

existing councils were integrated into a new committee in which they were a minority

Question 16

Town revolt in Marseille

Answer 16

Citizens militias were formed even before National guard was in Paris

Question 17

rural revolt/ great fear

Answer 17

1. Jan 1789- grain convoys and premises of suspected hoarders were attacked
2. chateaux’s of nobility were set fire to and grain stores looted (20th of July-6th August)
3. terriers (peasant obligations) were seized and destroyed
4. refused to pay tax
5. attacked houses of royal officials/ magistrates who were then forced to flee
6. targeted symbols of feudalism eg wine presses
   - but areas such as Brittany were unaffected