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RPD > Major and Minor Connectors > Flashcards

Major and Minor Connectors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major connector?

A

That component of a partial denture which joins the minor connectors and their attached assemblies together to form a solid unit

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2
Q

What is cross-arch stabilization?

A

Bracing elements on one side of the arch providing stability to the other

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the major connector?

A
  • counter leverage
  • cross-arch stabilization
  • unification of components
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4
Q

Why does the major connector need to be rigid?

A
  • functions as one unit
  • broad stress distribution
  • reduce torque
  • avoid tissue damage
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5
Q

The major connector should or should not interfere with tissues?

A

should not!

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6
Q

How do you make sure that the major connector does not interfere with tissues?

A
  • blockout the undercuts (change path of insertion)
  • avoid terminating in the…
    –free gingival margin
    –lingual frenum
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7
Q

Should any part of the major connector end at the free gingival margin?

A

NO

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8
Q

To avoid terminating at the free gingival margin the major connector should cross at ____ degrees

A

90 degrees

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9
Q

How do you minimize food impaction on a major connector?

A
  • Locate margins away from the FGM
  • Eliminate “traps” or large concavities where food can collect
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10
Q

Smooth transition from connector to denture base is called…

A

butt joint

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11
Q

Borders are placed parallel to and a minimum of __ mm from gingival margins on the maxilla

A

6

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12
Q

Anterior borders on maxilla follow valleys between…

A

rugae

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13
Q

Anterior & posterior borders cross
midline at _______ angle

A

right

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14
Q

Borders beaded on major connector on the maxilla at…

A

0.75-1.0 mm wide & deep

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15
Q

What area should you avoid on major connectors?

A
  • 6mm from gingival crest (Maxillary)
  • 3mm from gingival crest (Mandibular)
  • Tissue impingement
  • Ending on crests of rugae
  • Irritation of surface eminences during insertion/removal
  • Ending on incisal 1/3 of anterior teeth
  • Food impaction
  • Occlusal interferences
  • Speech interference
  • Gagging
  • Tongue irritation
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16
Q

When do you need a palatal strap?

A
  • Tooth supported situations - Class III
  • Small posterior edentulous areas
  • Minimal tissue support required
  • Patient preference
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17
Q

How thick is a palatal strap?

A

8-10 mm

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18
Q

When do you not use a palatal strap?

A
  • Distal extension situations – Class I or II
  • Severe palatal undercuts
  • Large torus
  • RPD to replace anterior teeth
  • When definitive support from palatal tissue is required
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19
Q

What are the different types of maxillary major connectors?

A
  • palatal strap
  • palatal plate
  • anterior-posterior strap
  • Horseshoe or “U”
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20
Q

What are the advantages of a palatal strap?

A
  • Excellent support and rigidity
  • Distribute stress of mastication over a wider area
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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of a palatal strap?

A

Coverage of palate may cause discomfort and interference with phonetics

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22
Q

Where should the palatal strap be located?

A
  • Anterior border follows valley between rugae at right angle to median suture
  • Posterior border at right angle to median suture
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23
Q

Where is the anterior border of the palatal strap located?

A

valley between rugae at right angle to median suture

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24
Q

Where is the posterior border of the palatal strap located?

A

right angle to median suture

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25
Q

When should you use a palatal plate?

A
  • Long-span distal extension RPDs with or without anterior tooth replacement
  • Flat residual ridges
  • Periodontally weakened abutments
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26
Q

When do you not use a palatal plate?

A
  • Severely undercut torus
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27
Q

What are the advantages of a palatal plate?

A
  • Optimum support and rigidity
  • Increase retention due to increased interfacial surface tension
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28
Q

What are the disadvantages of a palatal plate?

A
  • Can not be used with torus
  • Coverage of the palate may diminish taste, interfere with phonetics.
  • Difficult to cast
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29
Q

Where is the location of the palatal plate?

A
  • Anterior border between rugae valleys and at right angle to median suture
  • Posterior border: Extends to junction of soft and hard palate
30
Q

Where is the anterior border of the palatal plate located?

A

between rugae valleys and at right angle to median suture

31
Q

Where is the posterior border of the palatal plate located?

A

junction of soft and hard palate

32
Q

When should you use a anterior-posterior palatal strap?

A
  • Circumvent a torus
  • Strong, widely separated abutments (Distal extension RPDs; Distal extension RPDs also replacing anterior teeth)
33
Q

When should you not use an anterior-posterior palatal strap?

A
  • SOME maxillary designs due to narrow bulky straps
  • Patients with high narrow vaults
  • Phonetic interference
34
Q

The space between the anterior and posterior straps on an anterior-posterior palatal strap connector should be?

A

15 mm

35
Q

What are the type of acrylic holdy things?

A

lattice, mesh, bead

36
Q

What are the advantages of the anterior-posterior palatal strap?

A
  • Structurally, very rigid - straps in 2 planes
  • Minimal tissue coverage
37
Q

How wide should the anterior and posterior straps be on the anterior-posterior palatal straps?

A

6-8 mm

38
Q

Where should the posterior part of the anterior-posterior palatal strap be located?

A

– distal extension to vibrating line and extended through hamular notches
– tooth supported not more posterior than distal abutment

39
Q

When do you use a horseshoe or U-shaped maxilla major connector?

A
  • **In very high vault palate **
  • Large inoperable torus
  • Anterior tooth replacement
  • Patient is intolerant of palatal coverage
40
Q

What is the problem with the horseshoe or U-shaped maxilla major connector?

A

The Least Rigid maxillary connector, therefore ANYTIME another connector can be used then it should

41
Q

What are the advantages of the horseshoe or U-shaped maxilla major connector?

A
  • Can be designed to replace missing anteriors
  • Conforms to patient’s previous experience
42
Q

What are the disadvantages of the horseshoe or U-shaped maxilla major connector?

A
  • Requires additional bulk for rigidity
  • Can interfere with patient’s tongue/speech
  • Even with rest, may lack support causing possible tissue impingement
43
Q

Where is the anterior border of the horseshoe major connector?

A

– terminates in valley of rugae at right angle to suture
– on the cingula of teeth extending contact point to contact point

44
Q

Where is the posterior border of the horseshoe major connector?

A

located at the turning point of the palate

45
Q

What is beading of the maxillary cast?

A
  • A prepared groove on the master cast along the designated borders of maxillary major connectors
  • This produces a positive bead on the major connector of the RPD
46
Q

What are the functions of beading on the maxillary cast?

A
  • Increased rigidity
  • Guide for finishing
  • Compensates for casting inaccuracies
  • Displaces soft tissue, preventing food/fluid collection
47
Q

What are the mandibular major connectors?

A

Lingual bar
Lingual plate
Labial bar

48
Q

What are the reasons to use a lingual bar mand major connector?

A
  • Whenever possible, if no contraindications are evident
  • A depth of at least 7 mm measured from the lowest point of the gingival margins to the floor of the mouth is required
49
Q

A depth of at least __ mm measured from the lowest point of the gingival margins to the floor of the mouth is required for a lingual bar

A

7

50
Q

When would you not use a lingual bar major connector?

A
  • Shallow floor of mouth and prominent frenum
  • Inoperable tori
  • Teeth in linguoversion
  • Teeth require stabilization
  • RPD requires additional stabilization
  • RPD requires benefit of additional indirect retention
  • Contingency planning
51
Q

What is the reason lingual bar is the preferred major connector for mand?

A

Covers the minimum of the tissues

52
Q

What is the disadvantage of the lingual bar major connector?

A

It may be flexible if poorly constructed

53
Q

Where should the superior border of the lingual bar be located?

A

3 mm inferior to free gingival margin

54
Q

What is the bar height for the lingual bar?

A

4 mm

55
Q

Where is the inferior border of the lingual bar located?

A

at height of lingual sulcus with tongue slightly elevated

56
Q

When would you use a lingual plate?

A
  • Insufficient lingual vestibular space for lingual bar (less than 7 mm)
  • Anticipated future replacement of anterior teeth
  • Indirect retention
  • Bilateral distal extension with flat residual ridges (Provide resistance against horizontal movements)
  • Presence of mandibular tori
  • Patient preference
57
Q

When would you not use the lingual plate?

A
  • Adequate depth to floor of the mouth for a bar
  • Prominent diastemas (large interdental spaces)
  • Severely anterior crowding
  • Patient preference
  • Teeth in linguoversion
58
Q

What is the advantage of the lingual plate over the lingual bar?

A

more rigid than lingual bar

59
Q

What are the disadvantages of the lingual plate?

A
  • Covers teeth and tissue
  • Compromised oral hygiene “possible increase enamel decalcification”
  • Esthetic with diastemas
60
Q

Where is the superior border of the lingual plate located?

A

contacts cingula of anterior teeth extending from contact point to contact point

61
Q

Where is the inferior border of the lingual plate located?

A

at height of alveolar lingual sulcus with tongue elevated

62
Q

What is another name for this type of RPD besides labial bar?

A

gate
swing lock

63
Q

When would you use a labial bar major connector?

A
  • Lingually inclined anterior or posterior teeth
  • Prominent, superiorly located inoperable tori
64
Q

What is the disadvantages of the labial bar major connector?

A

-Difficult to fabricate
-Must be bulky to be rigid
-Not esthetic
-Traps food in vestibular area

65
Q

What is a minor connector?

A

That component of a partial denture which joins the major connector with other parts of the framework

66
Q

What does the minor connector join to the major connector?

A

– the clasp assembly
– indirect retainers or auxiliary rests
– the denture base

67
Q

What serves as an approach arm for a vertical projection or bar type clasp?

A

minor connector

68
Q

What are the functions of a minor connector?

A
  • Transfers functional stress to abutments
  • Transfers effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing components to the rest of the denture (abutment to prosthesis)
  • Unites retainers, rests and denture base to the major connector
  • Helps to resist lateral movement
69
Q

What are the requirements of a minor connector?

A
  • Rigid with minimal bulk
  • Located in embrasure
  • Triangular in shape
  • Thickest toward lingual
  • Joins major connector at right angle
  • Tapers to contact point
  • Smooth and rounded
  • Minimum of 5mm between vertical connectors
  • Cover minimal gingival tissue
  • Cross gingiva at right angle
  • Must not impinge on tissue
  • Contact guiding plane surfaces
  • Minimal interference with denture tooth placement
70
Q

What is the difference between minor connectors and proximal plates?

A

RPD (16 decks)

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