Major American Planning Movements

Question 1

late 1800s and early 1900s - “creating a beautiful city would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives”

Answer 1

City Beautiful

Question 2

This movement created the Beaux-Arts style civic centers - the first model was “White City” in Chicago created by Daniel Burnham for the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893

Answer 2

City Beautiful

Question 3

This movement created the McMillan Plan of 1901 for Washington DC - which sought to resurrect L’Enfant’s 1791 Plan for Washington and restore the city to civic greatness - many cities sought to create downtown civic centers based on this movement

Answer 3

City Beautiful

Question 4

A self-contained area with a population of 32,000 and a land area of 6,000 acres. This type of city would house 30,000 people on 1,000 acres with the remianing land and population in farming areas. It was intended to bring about economic and social reform.

Answer 4

Garden City

Question 5

In this type of city, land ownership is held by a corporation

Answer 5

Garden City

Question 6

Letchworth, 1903 is an example of this type of City/Movement

Answer 6

Garden City

Question 7

Who promoted the Garden City concept in the United States?

Answer 7

Mumford and MacKaye

Question 8

Where was the first Garden City effort built and when?

Answer 8

1922 in Sunnyside Gardens, New York - 77 acres in Queens and Clarence Stein devised a plan for 1202 housing units

Question 9

This movement was a reaction against City Beautiful which was seen as overly focused on beauty and not sufficiently concerned with matters of function and efficiency

Answer 9

City Efficient, aka City Scientific

Question 10

When the the City Beautiful movement denounced?

Answer 10

1909 at the first Planning Conference

Question 11

Which movement arose in the 1930s following the Great Depression and was primarily concerned with jobs and housing?

Answer 11

City Humane Movement

Question 12

This administration was responsible for the Greenbelt Towns Program (or Green Towns Program) which developed three cities based on Howard’s ideas (Garden City)

Answer 12

President Roosevelt’s Resettlement Administration in 1935

Question 13

This person wrote “To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform” 0 it explains the principles behind Garden City

Answer 13

Ebenezer Howard

Question 14

This Act led to the development of more than a dozen new communities based on Hoaward’s (Garden City) ideas - even though most laced industry and true city centers

Answer 14

Great Britain’s New Towns Act in 1946

Question 15

This movement developed during the 1940s - coincident with the growth of the military and post-war industrialization - it emphasized administrative efficiency.

Answer 15

City Functional Movement