Maintaining life Flashcards
What is excretion?
Getting rid of waste materials (that has been part of the body)
Name 3 waste materials
Carbon dioxide (respiration), Excess water, urea
What is urea?
Urea is a thing made from excess protein in the liver (it is toxic)
Where is urea made from and where does it go to?
Liver -> blood -> kidney
What is urine?
urea dissolved in water
What is the difference between ureter and urethra
ureter is a tube that goes from the kidney to bladder
urethra is a tube that goes from bladder, out of the body.
What is a fetus
unborn baby
Does the mother’s blood and baby’s mix?
No
What is diffused from mother’s blood to the baby’s?
Things the fetus needs: oxygen, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, protein
What is diffused from baby’s blood to the mother’s?
Baby’s waste to be excreted: carbon dioxide, ura, excess water
What are two things a pregnant woman should avoid?
smoking (tar, nicotine, CO) and having too many drugs (e.g. caffeine and alcohol, illegal drug, etc.)
How do plants absorb water?
from soils through root hair cells in a root
Why do plants need nitrate and mg ions?
nitrate to grow (convert carbohydrates to protein) and mg to make chlorophyll (they dissolve in water between soil particles.
How does the structure of the root hair cell help carry out its function?
It has a really big surface where water/mineral ions can be absorbed + not packed tightly together
How does water move from the root to the leaves?
Through xylem vessels
What is a xylem vessel?
A part of the water transport system of plant. A long tubelike dead cell
What is transpiration?
The loss of water from leaves
How is water vapour lost from leaves?
as water is carried by xylem to leaf cell some is used and most soaks in cell wall changing to water vapour and diffuse to air spaces -> stomata and to air
What is turgid? (2)
full of water. When guard cells are filled with water and swollen so, the stoma opens up letting water go out.
What is flacid?
Lacking of water
Why are cell wall needed?
So the cell wouldn’t burst
Why do plants need water? (4)
for support. to transport minerals, for cooling and for photosynthesis
