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I.T 3 & 4 > Maintaining Equipment & Software > Flashcards

Maintaining Equipment & Software Flashcards

1
Q

What are reasons for upgrading and installing new hardware components?

A

Can be for fault repairs, routine maintenance or upgrading the system. Upgrading includes various reasons such as user requirements, compatibility, increased capacity, speeds, reliability and software requirements.

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2
Q

What consequences might there be if an IT system breaks down?

A

It can lead to a loss of data and work which needs funds and time to repair.
This is inefficient for the system as there’s downtime and they cannot continue working.

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3
Q

Compare the current and previous versions of Microsoft Windows. What do you think about the hardware requirements and the user reviews?

A

As we come to the current year, the hardware requirements increase, and the requirements weren’t very high in the past.
This is to facilitate the new hardware and ensure that the operating system runs to its fullest.

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4
Q

What are user requirements?

A

Refers to the function of technology which is needed for a particular person.

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5
Q

What might be the implications be of installing hardware components?

A

It implies one of 3 things in particular.
The system needs new hardware for:

  1. Training
  2. Decomissioning
  3. Compatibility
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6
Q

What is an SLA?

A

A service level agreement is a document or contract between an organisation and an IT professional.

This contract defines the scope of works between the two parties and targets what must be maintained.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of HDD?

A

It is a form of secondary storage for the computer system and acts as long term storage for the files and programs on the computer.

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8
Q

What does the term ‘non-volatile’ refer to in regards to memory?

A

This refers to memory which is maintained after the computer has been shut-down or a program has been closed. Examples of non-volatile memory would be the HDD and ROM.

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9
Q

Explain why there are no user maintainable parts in a HDD.

A

This is to ensure that no foreign materials are able to enter the disk and cause any interference with the HDD’s performance and efficiency.

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10
Q

List and describe 3 software tools that can be run to maintain the HDD.

A
  1. Disk-Cleanup: Used to remove temporary files that have built up over using the HDD and free up space for more useful data storage.
  2. Disk Defragmentation: Re-arranges program files so that they are in one continuous location so that they can be accessed faster and thus increase read speeds and efficiency.
  3. Error-Checking: Checks the ‘bad sectors’ of the HDD which aren’t usable and flags it so that they aren’t used and will also repair them. This is often a sign that the HDD needs to be replaced.
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11
Q

David has purchased a new DVD movie and he wishes to watch on his computer. After inserting the DVD, the drive sounds like it is stuck trying to continually spin up the DVD. Provide 1 maintenance procedure David could perform to solve this problem.

A

Use a lens-cleaner to clean off the disk and ensure that there isn’t any dirt and grime interfering with the drive’s ability to spin the disk.

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12
Q

What is thermal compound?

A

A paste which is applied to the heatsink and aids in transferring heat from the CPU to the heatsink which in turn cools it down.

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13
Q

What are reasons for the CPU’s heat, and how can the heat generated by the CPU be monitored?

A

Heat can be generated as a result of dust build-up in the fans and heatsink.

It can be monitored with the use of software. One of which is HWMonitor.

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14
Q

Describe the information that is dependent on a functional CMOS battery.

A

The CMOS stores information such as the computer’s internal clock and basic hardware settings. It also provides a small amount of power to the motherboard.

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15
Q

Interface cards are inserted into which slots on the motherboard?

A

PCI or PCI-E slots.

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16
Q

What is the best form of maintenance to perform on an interface card?

A

To ensure that its software drives are up to date.

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17
Q

Describe the process of inserting a replacement stick of RAM into the motherboard.

A

Find the DIMM slots, check the motherboard’s manual for what slots are optimal for the RAM configuration you have, unlock the hinges, align the RAM sticks and push them into the DIMM slot until a click is heard.

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18
Q

How can RAM be tested for errors?

A

With stress-tests such as MemTest86 or MemTest86+. If the RAM is able to last 24 hours, then it’s considered stable and can be used.

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19
Q

A power supply has failed in John’s computer. Outline the recommended steps to solve the issue.

A

The first would be to try using different power outlets, power-boards and cables.
The PSU doesn’t have any UMP, so you may have to return it to depot or simply buy a new one.

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20
Q

What is a power cycle and what’s the process?

A

Essentially resets the device.

  1. Turn the device off.
  2. Unplug it from the wall for 1-2 minutes.
  3. Re-insert the plug.
  4. Turn the device on again.
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21
Q

What can incorrect settings change for a monitor?

A

Its colour, brightness, orientation and position. As a result, this can impede on the viewing experience.

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22
Q

Name 3 problems with tablet PCs which are reduced by using a protective cover.

A
  1. Prevents scratches
  2. Prevents damage from falls
  3. Maintains the physical state of its buttons
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23
Q

Recommend 2 steps to fix the output of a printer which is slightly misaligned and that the tops of the letters aren’t printing correctly.

A
  1. Re-adjust the cartridge heads

2. Clean the rollers

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24
Q

Recommend 2 steps a user should take to fix their mouse being unresponsive.

A
  1. Change the friction-free mouse feet

2. Use a consistent surface like a mousepad

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25
Q

A user is complaining that a number of permanent ‘black specks’ are on their monitor. What’s the issue and how would you fix it?

A

The issue is dead pixels. You should replace the screen to fix the issue.], and should be returned to depot to do so under warranty purposes.

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26
Q

Write the steps to fix a monitor’s display which has been flipped upside down.

A
  1. Check the onboard settings using the buttons on the monitor.
  2. Go to the orientation setting, and fix it up.
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27
Q

How should you clean a monitor and should you use a window cleaner?

A

Preferably don’t use any chemicals. Instead use a lint free cloth which is slightly damp and wipe in straight lines.

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28
Q

A router is having trouble storing the correct date. How should you fix this?

A

Complete a power cycle and try to update the firmware with the help of your ISP.

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29
Q

A user’s Internet is no longer accessible. All the lights are lit, but none of them are flashing. What should you do?

A

Complete a power cycle. Then try another network cable, port or power outlet.

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30
Q

Identify 3 system unit components that might be upgraded with the benefits they would bring to a computer system.

A
  1. RAM: allows for more programs to be open at once and rely less of virtual memory in order to compensate for programs that need more memory.
  2. Graphics Card: allows the system to display more high resolution and video intensive applications such as video editing. Frees up memory and prevents any overheating.
  3. CPU: Increase in processing speeds meaning more programs and intense programs are able to be run without too much strain on the system.
31
Q

What planning might an ICT professional do to prepare for a hardware installation?

A

Gathering resources, checking their equipment and backing up data.

32
Q

What is a procedure and how could it be useful in a hardware installation?

A

A procedure is fitting components. This is because it’s required to install into the system. Also install any associated software.

33
Q

Explain how the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) can affect ICT profesionals.

A

It affects ICT professionals in the way that they conduct their work for members of the public, other colleagues and themselves.

34
Q

What resources might be needed for a hardware installation?

A

Tools such as screwdrivers, Alan keys, screws, the correct drivers/install software, access/admin rights and the hardware itself.

35
Q

How can you back up data and why is this needed?

A

Backing up data ensure that users’ data isn’t lost or corrupted. This can be done onto an external hard drive or onto an online software cloud like Google Drive.

36
Q

Why do you need to record serial numbers?

A

Recording serial numbers is a future reference for any issues that may go wrong and is used for warranty purposes.
This can also be helpful if you have multiple devices and you want to keep track of them all.

37
Q

How can you take care when dismantling a computer system?

DDRK

A

There are 4 main things that you should do. They include:

  1. Disconnecting the system from electricity mains.
  2. Don’t rush, but be careful to avoid causing damage.
  3. Remember how parts fit together by taking photos / notes.
  4. Keep screws and components safe so that they don’t get lost.
38
Q

What steps are involved in reassembling a computer?

CD
RC
SC
TC
ST
A

There are 5 main steps. These include:

  1. Cleaning dusty components
  2. Reconnecting components
  3. Safety checks
  4. Test components
  5. System testing
39
Q

What software tools may be used to test a computer system?

A

Utility software or run-time analysers.

40
Q

Identify and explain the risks from hardware installations to you, the equipment and data.

A

The risks include data corruption or loss. As for you and the equipment, there could be damages from ESD which can short circuit components or harm you if the voltage is high enough.

41
Q

What is ESD? How would you reduce the risks from ESD and why?

A

Electrostatic Discharge

This is static electricity which releases and goes to some sort of a conductor.
To reduce it, you can use anti-static equipment or Earth yourself before dealing with electronic devices.

42
Q

In what ways might equipment be damaged during an installation?

A

Ways of damages include drops, screws being stripped, electrical damages because of ESD, bent pins or loose cables.

43
Q

Explain why data is usually the most valuable part of a computer system.

A

Data usually contains a user/business’ most important information. Losing this can lead to loss in time and money, as well as legal issues.
(Data for students at schools)

44
Q

How many examples of service loss can you identify and describe?

A

Examples of service loss include a decrease in productivity, loss of business and reputation which all lead to more costs for the business.

45
Q

Describe the 3 examples of anti-static equipment and explain how they’re used.

A
  1. Mats: When you step on it you ground yourself so you cannot emit ESD when working with electrical components.
  2. Wrist strap: Worn by the user and connects to a special grounding wire. Often has a resistor for extra protection.
  3. Packaging: Shielding in a special type of plastic bag that prevents / protects from ESD.
46
Q

What is the best troubleshooting procedure for a server/network?

A

It’s best to complete a RAID backup.

47
Q

Someone’s device is producing a burning smell. What do you do to suggest a plan of action to fix the issue?

A
  1. Turn off any supply of power to the device.
  2. Unplug the computer system from the power source.
  3. Determine what is producing the smell through using your senses.
  4. Ensure that the computer has sufficient cooling. This includes airflow, fans, heatsink and thermal paste.
  5. Monitor the temperatures using a software such as HWMonitor.
48
Q

What are some examples of physical preventative maintenance?

A

Replacing cables, cable management, removing dust, cleaning devices/components, making sure there’s sufficient airflow, installing a surge protector.

49
Q

What are some examples of software preventative maintenance?

A

Backing up, power cycling, updating firmware/drivers, download updates, defragmentation, disk check, disk cleaner.

50
Q

What are ways to find out more about an issue that a user is experiencing?

A
  1. Create a survey, like a Google Form or flowchart.
  2. Watch them use the device normally to determine what the issue is.
  3. Make use of the help desk, and see if there have been similar issues with the same user or others in order to find a solution.
51
Q

What are some examples of potential sources of damage to computer hardware and software?

TV
PC
SE
PLN
RFI
IB
DP
W
A
  • Temperature variations
  • Power cycling
  • Static electricity
  • Power line noise
  • Radio frequency interference
  • Image burn on monitors
  • Dust and pollutants
  • Water
52
Q

What are some causes of temperature variations?

A

Power cycling, ambient environment, not enough cooling for the system.

53
Q

What are some causes of issues related to power cycling?

A

The temperature variation from it being cool to hot.

54
Q

What are some causes of static electricity?

A

Improper grounding of devices & outlets or when humidity is low.

55
Q

What are some causes of power line noise?

A

Too many devices on the same power board or poor quality power being supplied.

56
Q

What are some causes of image burn?

A

Static images on the screen burn out the pixels.

57
Q

What are some causes of dust and pollutants?

A

Not cleaning the device and letting the dust build up. Also the fans circulate the dust.

58
Q

What are some causes of water damage?

A

Eating and drinking near your computer system.

59
Q

Define, and explain, the key elements of a Maintenance Program in an IT environment.

A

This refers to how often maintenance is carried out for the equipment and software.

The main elements include:

  • Who will do it
  • How often
  • Where it takes place
  • The costs involved
60
Q

Why is it necessary to regularly update virus protection pattern/library files?

A

To ensure that the virus protection does its job properly, and that it is aware of any new viruses or threats.

61
Q

What is the purpose of a system log?

A

A system log records any changes that may be made on or by the OS.

62
Q

Why is it important to speak to a user when they report a problem?

A

So that you can ask questions to deduce what the problem is.

63
Q

How would you determine whiter a monitor is working properly?

A
  1. Check if the power is connected
  2. Check to see if the front panel is turned on
  3. See if correct drivers are installed and if the POST display shows up.
64
Q

What is a POST?

A

Power on Self Test is a diagnostic tool that runs when the computer is turned on and ensures that hardware components work as expected.

It often produces beeps or error messages to inform the user about issues with the hardware.

65
Q

Where several computers are networked, how would you determine if a particular problem is specific to an individual system, or if it is a network-related problem?

A

By checking the serial number or IP address if it’s static.

66
Q

What problems could be expected from high variations in temperature?

A

Chip creep, solder joints melting, chip damage, damage to components and overheating are just a few.

67
Q

What simple tests could you perform to see if a floppy disk drive was working correctly?

A

Paying attention to the POST to see if any errors are related to it.

68
Q

What initial 2 questions would you ask a user when troubleshooting their computer problem?

A
  1. When did the problem start?

2. Have you changed any hardware/software between it working and not?

69
Q

What is the first thing that you shouldn’t do when confronted with a fault?

A

You shouldn’t panic.

70
Q

Why document how a particular problem was solved?

A

By documenting how a fault was solved, you’re able to refer to it in the future if you have the same issue or if someone else has a similar issue.

71
Q

When should you record an item into the company’s inventory?

A

Immediately upon the receipt of the printer.

72
Q

What are 2 PC components that would not require preventative maintenance?

A
  • PSU

- Motherboard

73
Q

What are 2 PC components that would require preventative maintenance?

A
  • Fans

- Case

I.T 3 & 4 (14 decks)

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