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I.T 3 & 4 > Glossary Terms - Networking > Flashcards

Glossary Terms - Networking Flashcards

1
Q

Bandwidth

A

The amount of data which can be transmitted over a network per second, measured in BPS.
It can also differ on different parts of the network (wired vs wireless)

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2
Q

Industry Standards (Networking)*

A

Defines the rules for data communication that’s needed for networking devices to communicate with one another on a network.

This also includes the different types of devices which are included in the industry standards.

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3
Q

Network Transmission Media

A

NTM is the physical channel used to transmit data over a network.

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4
Q

Data Transmission

A

Is the data which is sent through a network.

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5
Q

Latency

A

The measure of how long it takes for on packet of data to get from one place to another.

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6
Q

Networking Tools

A

Types of software and physical tools which help in creating, maintaining or distributing a network.

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7
Q

Full-Duplex

A

A data transmission mode where data can travel in an synchronous manner; both directions simultaneously.
Eg: telephone calls, LAN, WAN, Internet

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8
Q

Local Area Network (LAN)

A

A network which operates in a single geographical location with more than 2 devices connected in order to share resources and data.
It’s the most common, cheap and effective network type.

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9
Q

Protocols

A

Set of rules which define how data is transmitted over a network.
Each protocol is used to transfer data over a SOHO and around the internet.

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10
Q

Half-Duplex

A

A data transmission mode where data can travel in an asynchronous manner; both directions but only in one direction at a time.
Eg: walkie talkies, printers and PC

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11
Q

Modem

A

A networking device which allows for a single node to connect to an external network such as the internet,

and translates analogue and digital signals.

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12
Q

Router

A

A networking device that’s a combination of a modem and a switch, and allows one to connect multiple nodes to the internet.

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13
Q

Simplex

A

A type of data transmission mode which allows for data to be sent in one direction at a time. It has no returning signal.
Eg: broadcast radio.

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14
Q

Network Interface Card (NIC)

A

An expansion card that’s installed onto laptops or desktop PCs and allows for a network connection either wired or wirelessly.

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15
Q

Network Security

A

Prevents unauthorised access to the network from the internet. This is achieved with firewalls, antivirus programs, intrusion detection and anti-spam software.

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16
Q

Node

A

A device/data point on a network.

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17
Q

Network Types (Topologies)

A

The physical layout of nodes in a network which can be organised in different ways to change how data is sent over that network.

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18
Q

SOHO Network

A

Small office home office network is a LAN with no more than 10 users.

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19
Q

Firewall

A

Used to validate data packets it receives from the modem to ensure they’re a legit part of data traffic requested by the user and prevents unauthorised access to a network.

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20
Q

Switch

A

A networking device which connects nodes together on a network. It’s a smart device which is able to read data packets and identify which IP requested the data.

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21
Q

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A

Gives online privacy and anonymity by creating a private network. VPNs mask a user’s IP address so online actions cannot be traced virtually.

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22
Q

Mesh Network

A

A topology that which is a combination of 2 or more topologies.

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23
Q

Wireless Access Point (WAP) / Array

A

A networking device which allows for wireless nodes to connect to a wired network wirelessly.

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24
Q

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A

Allows for voice communication using nodes over the internet where all voice data is sent in packets and converted.

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25
Q

Coaxial Cable

A

A cable which is the backbone for the bus topology. It normally connects from an ISP wall outlet to a cable modem.
It’s made from a single copper wire and has shielding and insulation to protect it from any interference.

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26
Q

Hub

A

A networking device which connects nodes together on a network. It is a ‘dumb’ device, meaning that the data requested by users is sent to all devices rather than just the one that needs it. Not recommended.

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27
Q

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A

A composition of multiple LANs which work across multiple geographical locations.

28
Q

802.11

A

Also known as WiFi. It’s a wireless network transmission media and makes use of radio waves in the air to transmit data.
It can also suffer from interference.

29
Q

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

A

A device that is made up of a number of HDDs and allows for multiple clients on a network to access the resources from a single central disk capacity.

30
Q

Untwisted Pair Cable

A

Also known as Ethernet cables, UTP is the most efficient type of wired NTM. It’s a single copper wire that uses electric signals to transfer data, as a result they’re susceptible to mild interference.

31
Q

Fibre Optic Cable

A

The most effective type type of wired network transmission media. It’s made up of fibre optics and uses light to transmit data.

32
Q

Star Network Topology

A

A centralised network topology where all devices connect directly off a central device.

33
Q

Ethernet Cable

A

The most efficient type of wired network transmission media. It’s an arrangement of copper wires which send an electrical signal.

34
Q

Bluetooth

A

Another wireless transmission media which transmits data directly between portable devices like phones and laptops.
These connections are temporary and separate from other networks.

35
Q

Ring Network Topology

A

Every node connects to exactly 2 other nodes and forms a single continuous pathway.
Data travels from node to node where each node along the way handles each packet.

36
Q

Terminator

A

Used in bus networks which prevents interference and signal loss.

37
Q

Print Server

A

Allows for computers to connect with more than one printer on the network.

38
Q

Bus Network Topology

A

A decentralised network where all devices are connected along a single coaxial cable.

39
Q

Server

A

Bigger and faster computers which are designed to run a specific function for the use of other computers on a network.

40
Q

Network Operating System (NOS)

A

An Operating System that is designed to assist with management of a network and servers. (Files, Hardware, Security…)

41
Q

Intranet

A

An internal web based system used for the distribution of information.

42
Q

Extranet

A

A computer network which allows access to unauthorised users.

A web based system which doesn’t require authorisation.

43
Q

Peer to Peer Network

A

A type of network where nodes connect directly to each other and no networking hardware is used.

44
Q

Ping

A

A network diagnostic tool that tests connectivity - whether data packets are able to reach a destination.

45
Q

Data Packets

A

Data is divided into ‘packets’ as it is transferred over a network.

46
Q

Constraint

A

A key consideration in the development of a project/system e.g. time, cost, expertise, availability.

47
Q

WEP

A

(Wired Equivalent Privacy)

  • Original form of security in the 802.11 wireless standard.
  • Can be cracked in a very short amount of time with publicly available tools
  • Should never be used.
    DON’T RECOMMEND!
48
Q

WPS

A

(Wi-Fi Protected Setup)

  • Developed to make wireless security easier by using a button and PIN combo.
  • Found to have a major flaw and is highly vulnerable. All networking companies recommend that WPS be disabled on the router.
    DON’T RECOMMEND!
49
Q

WPA

A

(Wireless Protected Access)

  • Created to solve issues with weak WEP security.
  • Can be used in two states - Personal (password to access network) and Enterprise (access controlled by user accounts on a server)
    RECOMMEND
50
Q

Parity Bits

A

A parity bit is a bit which has a value of 0 or 1, and is added to packet of data for error detection purposes.

51
Q

Disk Repairer

A

Looks for damaged files on a hard drive, attempts to recover the damaged file onto a different section of the hard drive, and then marks the damaged section of the hard drive as unusable.

52
Q

System Restore

A

Takes previously backed up copies of important files and copies them over the existing copies of those files.

53
Q

Application Updater

A

Checks the local version against the latest version on the Internet and installs the latest version if necessary.

54
Q

System Updater

A

Checks for patches that have been released but are not installed and then installs them.

55
Q

Network Bridge

A

Joins two networks together which have the same protocol. Eg. Macs and Macs.

56
Q

Network Gateway*

A

Joins two networks together which have different protocols by translating the requests between them.

57
Q

MAC Address

A

The physical address used to identify devices on a network.

58
Q

QoS

A

Quality of Service.

This refers to prioritising one type of transmission/node over another on a network.

59
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation.

Converts a private/non-routable network to a public/routable network and vice-versa.

60
Q

Traceroute, Tracert, Tracepath

CERN TOOL

A

A network diagnostic tool which provides information about the latency of packets as well as the path taken by said packets.

61
Q

ipConfig

A

A network diagnostic tool on Windows used to configure your network interfaces and provides information about them.

62
Q

Whois

A

A command that can be used on the internet to show more information about the registration record (domain name, contact info) about a domain name.

63
Q

NetStat

A

A network diagnostic tool which displays incoming and outgoing network connections to see the connections of programs and how much data is being transmitted.

64
Q

Static Proxy

A

A proxy server that does not change its address.

65
Q

Dynamic Proxy

A

A proxy server that changes its address for more security.

66
Q

Patch Panel

A

Another way of referring to a switch

67
Q

Wake-on-LAN

A

Facilitates remote installation and use of a network.

I.T 3 & 4 (14 decks)

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