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I.T 3 & 4 > Glossary Terms - OSS > Flashcards

Glossary Terms - OSS Flashcards

1
Q

GUI

A

A type of interface used in an Operating System that makes use of icons, buttons and additional hardware such as a mouse.

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2
Q

Driver

A

A special piece of software that acts as a bridge between the operating system and device to allow the device to function properly.

Device drivers manage the connection with the computer and peripheral devices. They handle the translation of requests between the computer and the device.

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3
Q

Command Prompt

A

The user interface of an operating system where a user types commands rather than using a mouse or touchscreen.

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4
Q

Dumb Terminal

A

A terminal consisting of simply a keyboard and a screen. All processing is done on a central computer.

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5
Q

Benchmark

A

A set of standards used for a point of reference in evaluating the performance or quality of a system or documentation.

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6
Q

Software License

A

An agreement between end users and the software developers that allow users to install and use the product.

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7
Q

Vendor

A

Someone who distributes an OS or piece of software.

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8
Q

Rollout

A

A staged series of activities that gain meaning as they happen. This is used to describe products which are staged over time.

The process of installing an operating system across an entire working environment. Variety of tasks that need to be completed.

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9
Q

Checkpoint

A

Checkpoints are similar to benchmarks as they too evaluate a system, however a checkpoint does so at a certain point in time to then be compared to later with other benchmarks.
It is able to check the efficiency of a project over time.

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10
Q

Disk Cloning

A

Software that allows a user to take an ‘image’ of a disk at a particular point in time. The image can be used to copy to other computers or to reinstall the image on the same computer.

The complete copying of one disk to another disk.

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11
Q

EULA (End User License Agreement)

A

The license agreement between the owner of the software and the user. Generally states how the software is to be used as well as how and if it can be distributed.

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12
Q

FAT/FAT32 (File Allocation Table)

A

A type of file management system that’s available on Linux, Apple and Windows. It records which clusters are(n’t) being used and where files are located in the clusters.

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13
Q

NTFS (New Technology File System)

A

Introduced by Microsoft, NTFS is a file management system available only on Windows. It includes a number of features such as improved reliability, automatic clearing of hard disk errors…

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14
Q

HFS+

A

A file system developed by Apple that organises data and program files in a hierarchical manner, meaning from top to bottom in order.

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15
Q

Virtual Memory

A

Memory that appears to exist as primary storage although most of it is supported by data that is held in secondary storage. It transfers between the two automatically as required.

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16
Q

Paging

A

The movement of data from secondary storage to primary storage.

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17
Q

Applet

A

A program started within another app.

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18
Q

System Logs

A

A record of changes undertaken by the Operating System and User, maintained automatically by the Operating System.

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19
Q

Service Pack

A

A piece of software or code that will resolve issues, improve performance, add features to software.

20
Q

Performance

A

The monitoring of how a piece of software manages to run with the hardware installed.

21
Q

Usability

A

The degree of ease that a piece of software is able to complete a certain task. This assesses the level of difficulty involved in using the software/OS/UI.

22
Q

User Interface

A

Refers to the different ways in which a user can interact with the operating system. The 3 most common are CLI, GUI and NLI.

23
Q

Application Software

A

Software that allows for an application to run and is able to communicate with the operating system and the UI.

24
Q

Control Element

A

Are a main feature of a GUI, and refer to the element of interaction such as buttons, drop-down menus, sliders, tab controls and spin boxes that the user interacts with.

25
Q

Hardware Requirements

A

The minimum that must be met for a computer system’s hardware in order to run a specific piece of software, or operating system.

26
Q

Operating System

A

A piece of software that manages the computer hardware and software, and provides a user interface for users to interact with the OS and make use of diagnostic tools and utilities to manage the computer.

27
Q

Utility Software

A

The software that is designed to optimise or maintain a computer by completing an action or activity.

28
Q

Command Line Interface

A

A method of interacting with the OS that is text only with the use of commands which vary over different operating systems.

29
Q

Batch Processing

A

An OS which is designed to run without the need of a user, and completes tasks in a predefined sequential manner. It requires less man power, but also lacks problem solving skills. Eg: payment processing in banks.

30
Q

Real Time System

A

A type of OS where data entry into a system is continuous and output is set at a specific rate. Eg: assembly line robots & security camera systems.

31
Q

Multi Tasking System

A

A system that is capable of completing more than one task at once. It’s user directed and is the most common used in everyday life.

32
Q

Swap File

A

Virtual memory creates a file that’s called a swap file from the secondary storage to primary storage. By default this is set to 1.5x that of the physical RAM installed.

33
Q

Defragmentation

A

Process of locating data in a computer hard drive and rearranging the fragments putting them in order.

34
Q

Fragmentation

A

Files of data/memory scattered across throughout a hard disk.

35
Q

Diagnostic Tools

A

An application used to detect and deduce a problem within an operating system.

36
Q

File System Management

A

A process of the OS that manages how and where data is stored, managed and accessed.

37
Q

User Specifications

A

Details describing the User OR system requirements set by the User.

38
Q

Disk Repairer

A

Looks for damaged files on a hard drive, attempts to recover the damaged file onto a different section of the hard drive.

Then marks the damaged section of the hard drive as unusable.

39
Q

System Restore

A

Takes previously backed up copies of important files and copies them over the existing copies of those files.

40
Q

System Updater

A

Checks for patches that have been released but are not installed and then installs them.

41
Q

Application Updater

A

Checks the local version against the latest version on the Internet and installs the latest one if necessary.

42
Q

File Defragmentation

A

Reorganises files on a hard drive so that all section of individual files are together and in order.

43
Q

Disk Partitioning

A

Divides the disk into multiple sections called partitions.

44
Q

Thin Client

A

Another way of saying dumb terminal

45
Q

Air-gapped computer

A

A computer that has no direct connection either by wired or wireless to the internet.

46
Q

Greyware

A

Another way of referring to malware.

47
Q

DxDiag

A

A diagnostic tool used to identify issues with sound cards and graphics cards. It identifies the hardware issues with these devices.

Issues can be solved by updating drivers.

I.T 3 & 4 (14 decks)

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