maintaining biodiversity

Question 1

article 1 - objectives

Answer 1

objectives of CBD

• conservation of biological diversity
• sustainable use of its components
• equitable sharing of the benefits airising from the utilization of genetic resources

Question 2

article 6 - measures for conservation and sustainable use

Answer 2

measures are not just expected to emerge shomehow - nations obliged to develop and/or implement mechanisms :

• staregies
• plans
• programmes

in accordance to article 6 many countries developed national biodiversity strategies

Biodiversity action plans (or BAPs) - practical documents that identify what is to be done and who is to do it

Question 3

article 7 - identification and monitoring

Answer 3

gathering info to assess whether strategies/programmes/plans are appropriate and/or working effectively

impossible to identify/monitor all facets of biodiversity so emphasis on components considered important for conservation/sustainable use
- activities likey to have significant impact on conservation/use

Question 4

article 8 - in-situ conservation

* sections a and b *

Answer 4

establishment of protected area system/networks - central to national strategies

problems:

1. most areas too small
2. protected area biased towards land with low economic value
3. overall extent of existing conservation network improving but still too small

Question 5

article 8 - in-situ conservation

* sections c,d & e *

Answer 5

establishment of protected ares - not enough must also protect wder area as they are areas not isolated and most threats come from outside

cost of preserving biodiversity beyond reserves

Question 6

article 8 - in-situ conservation

* section f *

Answer 6

rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems

birth of restoration ecology (1990s)

Question 7

article 8 - in-situ conservation

* sections g & h *

Answer 7

taking action against destructive introductions

regulating, managing, controlling risks associated with modified (including GM) organisms

Question 8

article 8 - in-situ conservation

* sections i & j *

Answer 8

look for ways of minimising conflicts between conservation and prevent use

recogonises that knowledge, innovations, practices of indigenous/local communities may be pertinent to conservation/ sustainable use.

cultural relevence promoted

Question 9

article 8 - in-situ conservation

* sections k, l & m *

Answer 9

mechanisms for conserving biodiversity - legal, financial etc.

recognition that available resources are not evenly distributed - poorer countries wil need support

particularly important due to complex set of interactions between poverty and the environment

Question 10

article 9 - ex-situ conservation

Answer 10

can include : seed banks, sperm & ova banks, culture collections

artifical propagation of plant
captive breeding of animals

Question 11

article 10 - sustainable use of components

Answer 11

strategies to live sustainably

human exploitation estimated to be greater than Earth’s productivity

Question 12

article 11 - incentive measures

Answer 12

adopt economically and socially sound measures that act as incentives for conservation/sustainable use

in reality, the conserve is often true, e.g perverse subsidies