Maintaining a Secure Network Flashcards
IP Addresses
What are the typical private addresses.
- x.x.x
- x.x.x
- x.x.x
IP Addresses
What is a Netmask used for?
Used ti determine which part of the address is used for the network and which is used for the host/client machine.
IP Addresses
What is the Default Gateway?
The default route used to connect to other systems.
This will normally be the router, but can be tied to other systems.
IP Addresses
What is a Static Address?
An IP Address that does not change. These are usually used on items such as servers and switches, as it helps ensure that you can connect to them.
IP Addresses
What are Dynamic Addresses?
Dynamic Addresses are IP Addresses given to a device on a lease basis. This means that they can change. Useful when you are a big company dealing with lots of devices.
You can also set dynamic addresses to only show up in a select DHCP Scope, which is very useful when utilising VLANs.
DNS
Recall:
DNS Record Types.
A - Maps a hostname to an IPv4 address.
AAAA - Maps a hostname to an IPv6 address.
CNAME - Meaning “Canonical Name” this is an alias of an already existing record, allowing multiple hostnames to map to the same IP Address.
MX - A mail exchange record map. Maps a domain name to a specific email server for that domain.
PTR - A pointer record - points to a canonical name. Commonly used in reverse DNS lookups.
SOA - Meaning “Start Of Authority” - this record provides informayion about a DNS Zone, such as contact info for the administrator, the zone’s primary name server and refresh timers.
DNS
What is a DNS Server (Domain Name Server)?
A server that holds a directory of domain names and maps them to specific IP Addresses.
These are necessary because otherwise people would have to remember an IP Address in order to connect to any website or server.
DNS
What is DNS Propagation?
The 36 hour time period allotted for worldwide DNS Servers to create a record for newly created Domains.
DNS
Why do you need a DNS Server on your domain?
In order to allow for external connections and to have a DNS list for you to connect to external servers without having to know their IP Addresses.
DNS
Explain why you’d have a Primary and Secondary DNS.
A Primary DNS would be the preferred DNS server to use, however the Secondary DNS should be maintained as a failover allowijg for DNS Lookups to occur in the event of the Primary DNS Failing.
Common Ports
Match some common ports to their names.
FTP Data - Port 20 FTP Commands - Port 21 SSH - Port 22 TELNET - Port 23 DNS - Port 53 DHCP (Incoming) - Port 67 DHCP (Outgoing) - Port 68 HTTP - Port 80 HTTPS - Port 443 IMAP - Port 143 IMAPS - Port 993 POP3 - Port 110 POP3S - Port 995 SMTP - Port 25 SMTPS - Port 465 RDP - Port 3389
Common Ports
Active Directory Ports
What are the AD Ports?
LDAP - Port 389
LDAPS - Port 636
Common Ports
What does LDAP stand for?
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
For LDAPS just add secure
Remote Support
Describe and explain the remote connection services available.
RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol, a Microsoft proprietary protocol used to allow users to connect to another PC remotely. You essentially take over the device.
VNC - Virtual Network Computing - an open source graphical desktop sharing system (basically platform independent RDP but better and open source)
SSH - Secure Socket Shell, a network protocl used primarily on Linux/Unix for remote connection, but also found on numerous switches, firewalls and other infrastructure pieces.
Telnet - used to connect to devices such as switches etc. Not a secure method of connection
Virtual LANS
Basics: What is a LAN?
A Local Area Network
