main thang Flashcards
cogitive approach assumptions
similatiries and diff between people can be explained through terms of individual patterns of cognitions
behavour and emotions can be understood through cognitive processes such as thinking, memory, language, attention and attention
andrade sample
40 members of university of Plymouth, opportunity, paid for participating
andrade result
7.8 vs 7.1
29% better in doodling
baron cohen et al sample
- 15 AF/HFA males, volunteer mean age of 30
- adult comparison group, 122, selected from adult community groups and users of the Cambridge public library, 46.5 age
- student comparison, undergraduates at cambridge, equal males and females, assumed to have high levels of IQ and A level results
- IQ-matched, 116 IQ, 14 males
Baron Cohen results
significant negative correlation between AQ test and eye test, but no correlation between IQ test and eyes test
AS/HFA (Group 1) correctly identified significantly fewer target words than participants in the three comparison groups.
baron cohen - how many scenes?
36 scenes, 4 options each
laney sample
firstly 128 students at Uni of California who rechieved course credit
secondly 103 students at uni of washington who received course credit for their time
laney results
When asked a second time as part of the FHI if a participant loved asparagus the first time they tried it, participants in the
love condition response rose by 2.6 as opposed to the control whose rose just by 0.2
laney - slideshow
20 photos for 30 seconds each
biological approach assumptions
behaviourk, cognitions and emotions can be explained in terms of hormones and working of the brain
similarities and differences between people can be understood in terms of the biological factors and their interaction with others
canli sample
10 right handed females
canli results
positive correlation between emotional intensity and arousal r+0,68 and negative correlation between valance and arousal -0,66
canli scenes numbers, for how many seconds and buttons
96 scenes, 48 new foils
presented for 2.88 sec and fixation cross for 12.96 sec
viewed a fixation cross,
four buttons to indicate emotional arousal on a scale from 0 (‘not emotionally intense at all’) to 3 (‘extremely emotionally intense’)
dement and kleitman sample
9 but only 5 studied intensively
7 male 2 female
dement and kleitman results
80% dreams were recalled when woken up in REM sompared to 7% when woken up from nREM
Horizontal eye movement: watching two people throwing tomatoes at each other, driving a car at an intersection a car sped from left to right, driving a car and looking ahead then a man appeared on the left
Vertical eye movement: climbing up a ladder and looking down, bouncing a ball and throwing into the basket
schather and singer sample
all male 185, college students taking introductory psychology, agreed to be part of a pool of participants, given 2 course credit points
schater and singer results
EPI MIS euphoria had the most intances of euphoria 22.56, EPI INF had the least 12.72
EPI IGN anger had the most angry instances of 2.28 vs EPI INF anger with -0.18
social approach assumptions
behaviour, cognitions and emotions can be influenced by other individuals, groups social contexts
miligram sample
Volunteer sample - A newspaper advertisement was used to recruit, 40 men, ages 20 - 50 years, New Haven (US), different backgrounds and occupations, unskilled workers, white collar workers (individuals who work in professional occupations) and professionals, promised $4.50 for taking part
miligram results
- 368V is the mean average shock administered by participants, All participants gave at least 300 V, and 65% gave the maximum 450 V shock
miligram interview after the pocedure
As part of the interview, participants were asked to estimate how painful they thought the final 450 V shock was, on a scale of 0–14 (‘not at all painful’ to ‘extremely painful’), Open-ended questions were asked, asked them how they were feeling
miligram observations
Observers reported increased signs of nervousness in participants as they gave more powerful electric shocks, The participants were also frequently observed to be sweating, shaking and groaning, 14 out of the 40 men showed signs of nervous laughter or smiling, ‘I don’t think this is very humane’; ‘I’m gonna chicken out…; After the procedures ended the participants showed visible signs of relief: wiped their faces, sighed, shook their heads.
piliavin sample
sample: passengers travelling on a subway between Harlem and the Bronx weekdays between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., ‘unsolicited’ sample, 4450 people (45% black and 55% white)
pilavin iv levels
Critical/early: model stood in critical area and waited 70 seconds to help victim
* Critical/late: model stood in critical area and waited 150 seconds to help victim
* Adjacent/early: model stood in adjacent area and waited 70 seconds to help victim
* Adjacent/late: model stood in adjacent area and waited 150 seconds to help victim
* No model condition: the model did not help the victim until after the trial was over and the train had reached the next stop.