Main Principles

Question 1

Surgery in ancient Egypt -1600 BC

Answer 1

Head injury management
Wound suture
Adhesive bandage
Use of meat grease or honey
Fracture
Dislocations

Question 2

What is the hippocratic method

Answer 2

Method to reduce humerus dislocation

Question 3

Animals used by Galen (129-199 AD) to approximate humans anatomy

Answer 3

Monkey

Question 4

Perception of surgery after spread of Christianity

Answer 4

Spiritual
Disease -> the evil
Practice by uneducated persons

Question 5

First dissection and accurate description of the human body was done by

Answer 5

Andreas vesalius
(1514-64)

Question 6

Who reintroduced ligation of bleeding vessels

Answer 6

Ambrose pare 1510-90

Question 7

Who did the first amputation

Answer 7

Robert liston 1846

Question 8

Who practiced the first nerve block

Answer 8

Halsted 1884

Question 9

Who developed the germ theory

Answer 9

Louis pasteur 1861

Question 10

Steps for history taking in surgery

Answer 10

Names, age, date of birth , sex, marital status , occupation

Present complaint
History of present complaint

Question about system of present complaint

Questions about other systems

Past history

Drug history

Immunizations

Family history

Social history

Habits

Question 11

What is the SOCRATES method when describing pain

Answer 11

Site
Onset
Character
Radiation/referral
Associated symptoms
Time/duration
Exacerbating/relieving factors
Severity

Question 12

Steps of examination

Answer 12

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

Question 13

What is JALCCOD when inspecting patient

Answer 13

Jaundice
Anemia/pallor
Cyanosis
Clubbing
OEdema
Dehydration

Question 14

Things to note in respiratory inspection

Answer 14

FAN
Accessory muscles aiding in respiration
Shape
Symmetry of chest
Chest movement
RR

Question 15

Things to note in respiratory palpation

Answer 15

Trachea position
Tenderness
Chest expansion
Tactile vocal fremitus

Question 16

Things to note in respiratory percussion

Answer 16

Symmetry
Resonance
Dullness
Stony dull
Hyper resonance

Question 17

Things to note in respiratory auscultation

Answer 17

Vésicular
Reduced
Absent
Crépitations
Stridor

Question 18

Cardiovascular inspection

Answer 18

Distended neck veins
Pedal edema

Question 19

CVS PALPATION

Answer 19

APE BEAT
PULSE - rate, rythm, volume

Question 20

CVS percussion

Answer 20

Cardiac boundaries
Location of apex beat

Question 21

CVS Auscultation

Answer 21

Normal heart sounds
Pathological sounds
Murmurs
Bruit

Question 22

Abdomen inspection

Answer 22

Shape
Bulge
Rxn to coughing
Presence of scars
Fistula
Sinus
Dilated surface veins

Question 23

Abdomen palpation

Answer 23

Light and deep palpation (tenderness0
Elicit guardian
RBT
Masses
Liver
Bilateral kidneys
Balloting of kidney

Question 24

Abdomen percussion

Answer 24

Enlarged Liver , spleen, intraabdominal mass
Shifting dullness
Peritonitis
Succession splash

Question 25

Abdomen auscultation

Answer 25

Bowel sounds -> low or high pitch , absentm vascular bruits

Question 26

When should you do rectal examination in abdomen issue

Answer 26

All the time

Question 27

Rectal inspection

Answer 27

Anal hygiene
Masses
Ulcers
Discharge

Question 28

Rectal palpation

Answer 28

Sphincter tone
Rectal mass
Tenderness
Prostate
Cervix
Stool

Question 29

Lab investigation possible

Answer 29

FBC
Urinalysis
BUE Cr
LFTs
Clotting profile

Question 30

Radio investigation possible

Answer 30

Non ionizing => ultrasound scan like Doppler scan, endoscopic USG , MRI

Ionizing like plain xray, xray with contrast , CT scan