main doc food 1

Question 1

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• The F0 value is a technological characteristic expressing the thermal death time equivalent at 121.1°C for the applied heat treatment procedure
• The F0 value is a microbiological characteristic which expresses the thermal death time at 121.1°C
• According to the 12D principle, the food microbiological safety requirement is F 2.52 minutes
• According to the 12D principle the food microbiological safety requirement is F 0.21 minutes

Answer 1

a and c

• The F0 value is a technological characteristic expressing the thermal death time equivalent at 121.1°C for the applied heat treatment procedure
• According to the 12D principle, the food microbiological safety requirement is F 2.52 minutes

Question 2

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• The D value is the time needed to a decimal reduction of the live cell count
• The D value is the temperature increase necessary for a tenfold reduction of the thermal death time
• The Z value is the time needed to a decimal reduction of the live cell count
• The Z value is the temperature increase necessary for a tenfold reduction of the thermal death time

Answer 2

a and d

• The D value is the time needed to a decimal reduction of the live cell count
• The Z value is the temperature increase necessary for a tenfold reduction of the thermal death time

Question 3

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• In case of food poisoning, the causative agent produces exotoxin in the food
• In case of food poisoning, the causative agent produces exotocin in the GI tract
• In case of toxico-infection, the causative agent produces exotoxin in the food
• In case of toxico-infection, the causative agent produces exotoxin in the GI tract

Answer 3

a and d

• In case of food poisoning, the causative agent produces exotoxin in the food
• In case of toxico-infection, the causative agent produces exotoxin in the GI tract

Question 4

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• The HACCP plan should be establishment- and product-specific
• The GHP plan should be establishment- and product-specific
• The GHP concept focuses on the hazards not properly manageable by HACCP
• The HACCP concept focuses on the hazards not properly manageable by GHP

Answer 4

a and d]-
The HACCP plan should be establishment- and product-specific
- The HACCP concept focuses on the hazards not properly manageable by GHP

Question 5

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• In general, the heat resistance of microorganisms reduces as the water activity decreases
• In general, the heat resistance of microorganisms increases as the water activity decreases
• The heat resistance of microbes is the lowest at the pH optimum of their growth
• The heat resistance of microbes is the highest at the pH optimum of their growth

Answer 5

b and d

• In general, the heat resistance of microorganisms reduces as the water activity decreases
• The heat resistance of microbes is the highest at the pH optimum of their growth

Question 6

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• In general, the water activity demand of gram positive bacteria is higher than the gram negative ones
• In general, the water activity demand of gram negative bacteria is higher than the gram positive ones
• In general, the water activity demand of bacteria is higher than the yeasts
• In general, the water activity demand of bacteria is lower than the yeasts

Answer 6

b and c

• In general, the water activity demand of gram negative bacteria is higher than the gram positive ones
• In general, the water activity demand of bacteria is higher than the yeasts

Question 7

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• In food processing plants water of drinking water quality shall be used for hand washing and cleaning, as well
• In food processing plants water of drinking water of non-polatble quality can be used for hand washing and cleaning
• Equipment surfaces coming into direct contact with food shall be easy to clean and disinfect
• Equipment surfaces coming into contact with food shall be sterile

Answer 7

a and c

• In food processing plants water of drinking water quality shall be used for hand washing and cleaning, as well
• Equipment surfaces coming into direct contact with food shall be easy to clean and disinfect

Question 8

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• The redox potential of fresh meat is higher than that of the minced meat
• The redox potential of fresh meat is lower than that of minced meat
• In general, the pH optimum of bacteria is lower than that of moulds
• In general, the pH optimum of bacteria is higher than that of moulds

Answer 8

b and d

• The redox potential of fresh meat is lower than that of the minced meat
• In general, the pH optimum of bacteria is higher than that of moulds

Question 9

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• The efficacy of iodiohors is increased by the elevation of temperature
• The efficacy of iodohors is decreased by the elevation of temperature
• The cation-active tensides exhibit pronounced disinfecting properties
• The cation-active tensides exhibit pronounced disinfecting properties

Answer 9

b and ?

- The efficacy of iodohors is decreased by the elevation of temperature

Question 10

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• Food safety expresses that the food is harmless for human consumption
• Food hygiene expresses that the food is harmless for human consumption
• Food safety includes the conditions and measures needed to establish the safety of our foods
• Food hygiene includes the conditions and measures needed to establish the safety of our foods

Answer 10

a and d

• Food safety expresses that the food is harmless for human consumption
• Food hygiene includes the conditions and measures needed to establish the safety of our foods

Question 11

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• In case of drinking water, the test for E.coli as faecal indicator is obligatory
• In case of drinking water, the test for C. perfringens as faecal indicator is obligatory
• The efficacy of chlorine-containing disinfection is increased by the elevation of temperature
• The efficacy of chlorine-containing disinfection is decreased by the elevation of temperature

Answer 11

a and d

• In case of drinking water, the test for E.coli as faecal indicator is obligatory
• The efficacy of chlorine-containing disinfection is decreased by the elevation of temperature

Question 12

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• Food chain of animal foodstuffs does not include the farm and the feed industry
• Food chain of animal foodstuffs also includes the farm and the feed industry
• Food safety is based primarily on consumer’s expectations
• Food quality is based primarily on consumer’s expectation

Answer 12

b and d

• Food chain of animal foodstuffs also includes the farm and the feed industry
• Food quality is based primarily on consumer’s expectation

Question 13

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• The primary responsibility for food safety rests with the food safety authorities
• The primary responsibility for food safety rests with the food producer
• The conditions and rules of food hygiene primarily aim at achieving adequate food quality
• The conditions and rules of food hygiene primarily aim at achieving adequate food safety

Answer 13

b and d

• The primary responsibility for food safety rests with the food producer
• The conditions and rules of food hygiene primarily aim at achieving adequate food safety

Question 14

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• Food hygiene is the basic system of establishing and guaranteeing food safety
• Food quality is the basic system of establishing and guaranteeing food hygiene
• Food hygiene requirements and tools also refer to the primary production
• Food hygiene requirements and tools do not refer to the primary production

Answer 14

a and c

• Food hygiene is the basic system of establishing and guaranteeing food safety
• Food hygiene requirements and tools also refer to the primary production

Question 15

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• The infective dose of campylobacters is high, at least 10,000 cells are needed to induce diseases in humans
• The infective dose of campylobacters is low, even 100-500 bacterial cells can cause disease in humans
• The infective dose of campylobacters is higher than that of salmonellae
• The infective dose of campylobacters is lower than that of salmonellae

Answer 15

b and d

• The infective dose of campylobacters is low, even 100-500 bacterial cells can cause disease in humans
• The infective dose of campylobacters is lower than that of salmonellae

Question 16

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• The infective dose of salmonellae is low, even 100-500 organisms may induce disease in humans
• The infective dose of campylobacters is low, even 100-500 organisms may induce disease in humans
• The infective dose of EHEC strains is lower than that of other E. coli strains
• The infective dose of EHEC strains is higher than that of other E. coli strains

Answer 16

b and c

• The infective dose of campylobacters is low, even 100-500 organisms may induce disease in humans
• The infective dose of EHEC strains is lower than that of other E. coli strains

Question 17

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• Botulinumtoxin is a neurotoxin that cause a flaccid paralysis of the muscles
• Botulinumtoxin is an emetic toxin that cause gastrointestinal signs
• The emtic toxin of Bacillus cereus is a heat sensitive
• The diarrhoeic toxin of bacillus cereus is heat sensitive

Answer 17

a and d

• Botulinumtoxin is a neurotoxin that cause a flaccid paralysis of the muscles
• The diarrhoeic toxin of bacillus cereus is heat sensitive

Question 18

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• Campylobactgers usually form a biofilm on the surfaces
• L. monocytogenes usually forms a biofilm on the surfaces
• The clinical symptoms caused by L. monocytogenes in humans are characterized mostly by extraintestinal signs
• The clinical symptoms caused by L. monocytogenes in humans are characterized mostly by intestinal signs

Answer 18

b and c

• L. monocytogenes usually forms a biofilm on the surfaces
• The clinical symptoms caused by L. monocytogenes in humans are characterized mostly by extraintestinal signs

Question 19

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• Listeria monocytogenes is psychrophilic bacterium
• Listeria monocytogenes is a mesophilic bacterium
• Salmonella enteritidis is a psychrophilic bacterium
• Salmonella enteritidis is a mesophilic bacterium

Answer 19

a and d

• Listeria monocytogenes is psychrophilic bacterium
• Salmonella enteritidis is a mesophilic bacterium

Question 20

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• Yersinia enterocolitica is a mesophilic bacterium
• Yersinia enterocolitica is a psychrophilic bacterium
• Yersinia enterocolitica typically cause extraintestinal signs in humans
• Yersinia enterocolitica typically cause intestinal signs in humans

Answer 20

b and d

• Yersinia enterocolitica is a psychrophilic bacterium
• Yersinia enterocolitica typically cause intestinal signs in humans

Question 21

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• Verotoxin-producing E.coli may cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome is humans
• Listeria monocytogenes may cause haemolutic uraemic syndrome is humans
• Verotoxin-producing E. coli may cause colitis in calves
• Verotoxin-producing E. coli may cause colitis in piglets

Answer 21

a and c

• Verotoxin-producing E.coli may cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome is humans
• Verotoxin-producing E. coli may cause colitis in calves

Question 22

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• Salmonellae are mesophilic organisms
• Salmonellae are thermophilic organisms
• Campylobacters are thermophilic bacteria
• Campylobacters are mesophilic bacteria

Answer 22

a and c

• Salmonellae are mesophilic organisms
• Campylobacters are thermophilic bacteria

Question 23

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• The serotypes of salmonella causing typhus in animals are capable of inducing disease in humans
• The serotypes of salmonella causing typhus in animals are not capable of inducing disease in humans
• Salmonella enteritidis is the serotype that causes the most foodborne salmonellosis in humans
• Salmonella enteritidis is the serotype that causes the most foodborne salmonellosis in humans

Answer 23

b/c/d

Question 24

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• The toxin produced by S. aureus in the food is a neurotoxin that causes a flaccid paralysis of the muscles
• The toxin of S. aureus produced in the food is an emetic one
• The toxins produced by S. aureus in the food is heat resistant and can only be inactivated by long boiling
• The botulinumtoxin is heat resistant and can only be inactivated by long boiling

Answer 24

b and c

• The toxin of S. aureus produced in the food is an emetic one
• The toxins produced by S. aureus in the food is heat resistant and can only be inactivated by long boiling

Question 25

# Choose the correct answers - The acid resistance of verotoxin-producing strains is higher than other E.coli strains - The acid resistance of verotoxin-producing strains is lower than other E.coli strains - The “hamburger disease” is caused by verotoxin-producing E.coli - The “hamburger disease” is caused by Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 25

a and c - The acid resistance of verotoxin-producing strains is higher than other E.coli strains - The “hamburger disease” is caused by verotoxin-producing E.coli

Question 26

# Choose the correct answers! - Patulin may be produced mostly in fruits causing the contamination of apple juices - Zearalenone may be produced mostly in fruits causing the contamination of apple juices - Fumonisins can be produced mainly on oilseeds - Fumonisins can be produced mainly on damaged kernels of maize

Answer 26

a and d - Patulin may be produced mostly in fruits causing the contamination of apple juices - Fumonisins can be produced mainly on damaged kernels of maize

Question 27

# Choose the correct answers! - Dioxins accumulate in the adipose tissues of the consumer - Dioxins accumulate in the kidneys of the consumer - Dioxins are widely used compounds in different industrial processes - Significant sources of dioxins include waste incineration or the forest fires

Answer 27

a and d - Dioxins accumulate in the adipose tissues of the consumer - Significant sources of dioxins include waste incineration or the forest fires

Question 28

# Choose the correct answers! - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be generated during the frying of foods of high carbohydrate content - Acrilamide can be generated during the frying of foods of high carbohydrate content - Heterocyclic amines can be formed during the frying of foods of high carbohydrate content - Heterocyclic amines can be formed during the frying of meat

Answer 28

b and d - Acrilamide can be generated during the frying of foods of high carbohydrate content - Heterocyclic amines can be formed during the frying of meat

Question 29

# Choose the correct answers! - Ciguatera toxins accumulate in shellfish - Ciguatera toxins accumulate in fish - Scombrotoxin is histamine - Scombrotoxin is a shellfish poison

Answer 29

b and c - Ciguatera toxins accumulate in fish - Scombrotoxin is histamine

Question 30

# Choose the correct answers! - Phycotoxins are biotoxins produced by microalgae - Phycotoxins are biotoxins produced by molds - Solanine mainly occurs in potatoes - Solanine mainly occurs in stone-fruits

Answer 30

a and c - Phycotoxins are biotoxins produced by microalgae - Solanine mainly occurs in potatoes

Question 31

# Choose the correct answers - Chlorinated hydrocarbons are cholinesterase inhibitors - Organophosphates are cholinesterase inhibitors - Pyretroids are synthetic derivatives of pyrethrins - Pyrethrins are synthetic derivatives of pyrethroids

Answer 31

b and c - Organophosphates are cholinesterase inhibitors - Pyretroids are synthetic derivatives of pyrethrins

Question 32

# Choose the correct answers! - Chlorinated hydrocarbons are highly lipid-soluble compounds with a tendency to persist in the environment - Organophosphates are highly lipid-soluble compounds with a tendency to persist in the environment - Pyretroids are persisting compounds in the environment - Pyretroids do not persist in the environment

Answer 32

a and d - Chlorinated hydrocarbons are highly lipid-soluble compounds with a tendency to persist in the environment - Pyretroids do not persist in the environment

Question 33

Choose the correct answers! - Aflatoxin-producing mould species may occur also in Central Europe, but do not produce toxins under these climatic conditions - Aflatoxin-producing mould species may occur also in central Europe and can also produce toxins there due to the climatic change - Ochratoxins can only be produced under hot climate conditions - Ochratoxins can also produced under temperate climate conditions

Answer 33

b and d - Aflatoxin-producing mould species may occur also in central Europe and can also produce toxins there due to the climatic change - Ochratoxins can also produced under temperate climate conditions

Question 34

# Choose the correct answers! - Scombrotoxin is a biogenic amine - Scombrotoxin is a mycotoxin - Patulin is a mycotoxin - Solanine is a mycotoxin

Answer 34

a and c - Scombrotoxin is a biogenic amine - Patulin is a mycotoxin

Question 35

# Choose the correct answers! - Human diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica are mainly due to the consumption of raw or underdone beef - Human diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica are mainly due to the consumption of raw or underdone pork - Human diseases caused by Campylobacter jejuni is mainly due to the consumption of raw or underdone pork - Human diseases caused by Campylobacter jejuni is mainly due to the consumption of raw or underdone poultry meat

Answer 35

b and d - Human diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica are mainly due to the consumption of raw or underdone pork - Human diseases caused by Campylobacter jejuni is mainly due to the consumption of raw or underdone poultry meat

Question 36

# Choose the correct answers! - Nitrosamines can get into the organism of the consumer with foods, but can also be generated in the stomach - Nitrosamines can get into the organism of the consumer with foods, but can also be generated in the intestines - PAHs are generated during the imperfect combustion of organic materials - Nitrosamines are generated during the imperfect combustion of organic materials

Answer 36

a and c - Nitrosamines can get into the organism of the consumer with foods, but can also be generated in the stomach - PAHs are generated during the imperfect combustion of organic materials

Question 37

# Choose the correct statements - Aflatoxin is a genotoxic carcinogen, its main target organ is the liver - Aflatoxin is a genotoxic carcinogen, its main targe organ is the kidney - Ochratoxins are genotoxic compounds, their main target organ is the liver - Ochratoxins are genotoxic compounds, their main target organ is the kidney

Answer 37

a and d - Aflatoxin is a genotoxic carcinogen, its main target organ is the liver - Ochratoxins are genotoxic compounds, their main target organ is the kidney

Question 38

# Choose the correct answers! - Carcasses containing veterinary drugs above the permitted level must not be used for production of animal feedstuffs - Carcasses containing veterinary drugs above the permitted level can be used for production of animal feedstuffs - Carcasses containing prohibited substances must not be used for production of animal feedstuffs - Carcasses containing prohibited substances can be utilized for production of animal feedstuffs

Answer 38

a and c - Carcasses containing veterinary drugs above the permitted level must not be used for production of animal feedstuffs - Carcasses containing prohibited substances must not be used for production of animal feedstuffs

Question 39

# Choose the correct answers! - Plants take up cadmium from the soil through their roots and store it in their tissues - Plants take up lead from the soil through their roots and store it in their tissues - Methylmercury is bioaccumulated in the aquatic food chain and may reach high concentrations in predators - Methyrmercury is bioaccumulated in the terrestrial food chain and may reach high concentrations in predators

Answer 39

a and c - Plants take up cadmium from the soil through their roots and store it in their tissues - Methylmercury is bioaccumulated in the aquatic food chain and may reach high concentrations in predators

Question 40

# Choose the correct answers! - In the EU, nitroimidazoles are prohibited for growth promotion, but can be used for therapy in food-producing animals - In the EU, nitroimidazoles are prohibited for use in food-producing animals - Beta-agonists are illegal growth promotants, but can be used for therapy - Beta-agonists are not allowed for use in food-producing animals, at all.

Answer 40

b and c - In the EU, nitroimidazoles are prohibited for use in food-producing animals - Beta-agonists are illegal growth promotants, but can be used for therapy

Question 41

# Choose the correct answers! - The dissolution of cadmium from soils is facilitated by the decrease of pH - The dissolution of lead from soils is facilitated by the decrease of pH - Lead mostly occurs as a surface contaminant of plants and can be removed by thorough washing - Cadmium mostly occurs as a surface contaminant of plants and can be removed by thorough washing

Answer 41

a and c - The dissolution of cadmium from soils is facilitated by the decrease of pH - Lead mostly occurs as a surface contaminant of plants and can be removed bythorough washingn