Magnetism - MRI History Flashcards
____________ discovered that tumors and normal tissue can be distinguished by NMR because of their relaxation times
Damadian
_______________ discovered that a charged particle, such as a proton, spinning around its own axis, has a magnetic field, known as magnetic momentum.
Felix Bloch
1945 - Within three weeks of each other, research groups led by Edward Purcell and Felix Bloch independently demonstrate the phenomenon known as “nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in condensed matter.”
_____________developed equation showing precession of nuclear spins being proportional to magnetic field strength
Sir Joseph Larmor
Sir Joseph Larmor developed equation showing precession of nuclear spins being proportional to magnetic field strength in the 1920’s (Larmor Frequency)
In the 1930’s- _______________ detected and measured single states of rotation of atoms and molecules, determining the magnetic moments of the nuclei
Isidor Isaac Rabi
1930’s- Isidor Isaac Rabi (Columbia University) detected and measured single states of rotation of atoms and molecules, determining the magnetic moments of the nuclei
In _____, Damadian and his team constructed the first super conducting NMR scanner and produced the first image of the human thorax, which took almost 5 hours to scan
1977
In 1977 Damadian and his team constructed the first super conducting NMR scanner (known as The Indomitable) and produced the first image of the human body, which took almost 5 hours to scan
In 1975, ___________ introduced 2D NMR using phase and frequency encoding, and the Fourier Transform
Richard Ernst
In the year ______, Schering’s _________ IV Gadolinium contrast gets the first approval by the FDA
1988; Magnevist
Functional MRI (fMRI) was developed in:
1991
1991/2: fMRI (functional MRI) was developed independently by the Univ of Minnesota’s Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR) and Mass General Hospital’s MR
____________ and _____________ won the 2003 Nobel Prize in medicine for their work in the 1970’s developing MR imaging techniques and capabilities
Lauterbur; Mansfield
1973- Paul Lauterbur (SUNY) described a new imaging technique termed Zeugmatography. By utilizing gradients in the magnetic field, this technique was able to produce a 2D image. Peter Mansfield further developed the use of gradients in the magnetic field and the mathematical analysis of MR signal for a useful imaging technique. (Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield were awarded with the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine.)
________ conceived the idea of echo planar imaging, which can rapidly scan the whole brain. He and his colleagues publish the first successful MRI of a living human body part - a finger
Peter Mansfield
_________ coined the word “electricity” and was the first to realize that the Earth was a giant magnet.
William Gilbert
____________ developed the mathematical equation to analyze the heat transfer between solid bodies, later becoming the basis for the rapid processing of phase and frequency signals in MRI.
Joseph Fourier
_______________ discovered that a current flowing through a wire could produce a magnetic field
Hans Christian Oersted
_________________ discovered that when a magnet was moved inside a coil of copper wire, a tiny electric current flows through the wire.
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday discovered that when a magnet was moved inside a coil of copper wire, a tiny electric current flows through the wire (Faraday’s law).
________________ developed equations describing how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents
James Clerk Maxwell
Maxwell’s equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents
