Magna Carta (ch8s1) Flashcards
William the conqueror
Duke of Normandy
Claimed Edward promised he could have English throne after he died (Edwards brother Harold was chosen though)
Won battle against Harold
King of England on Christmas Day 1066
Nation states
Regions that share a government and are independent from other states
Domesday book
William the conqueror competed census in 1086
Listed every castle, field, pen etc in England
Helped him build system of tax collecting
Who laid foundation for english government?
Henry I and Henry II
Son and grandson of William the conqueror
Church/nobility VS King
Early Middle Ages -> high Middle Ages
Middle = church/nobility = King
(Sometimes c/h had more power…collected own taxes, had own courts, fielded own armies)
High (~1000-1300) kings/monarchs were gaining power
Expanded royal domain & set up system of royal justice that undermined fuedal/church courts
Strengthened ties with townspeople
2 legal concepts in England by 1170
Henry II - common law
- trial by jury
How did Henry II upset the church?
Henry claimed right to try clergy in royal courts
Wanted power over church
King John
Son oh Henry Faced 3 enemies -King Philip II of France -Pope innocent III -his own english nobles (Lost with all 3)
Richard the lionheart
Son of Henry II that inherited the crown
Thomas becket
Archbishop of the Canterbury
Opposed Henry II when he claimed right to try clergy in court
How did John become king?
His brother Richard fought wars - fought off crusades
Why was John paying a yearly fee to Rome?
Had to accept England as a fief of the papacy
To save himself and his crown
Lost battle with Pope Innocent III
What caused the Magna Carta to be created?
John angered his own nobles with high taxes and abuse of power
Rebellious barons forced John to sign the document in 1215
What important ideas were included in the Magna Carta?
Habeas corpus
Monarchies weren’t above the law
No taxation with representation (ch12)
All men are equal under law (ch1)
Habeas corpus
There has to be a reason for you to be arrested (have to be charged with a crime)
