Macroscopic Anatomy

Question 1

• What are the causes of kidney problems?

Answer 1

congenital and inherited abnormalities, infectious diseases & non-infectious diseases

Question 2

• When are clinical signs of kidney damage evident?

Answer 2

When 70% of function is lost

Question 3

• What parts are involved in the transporting, storing and excreting of urine?

Answer 3

Renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder & urethra

Question 4

• Which kidney is most cranial? Which kidney is most mobile?

Answer 4

Right is most cranial (except in pigs), left is most mobile

Question 5

• What are the basic components of the kidney?

Answer 5

Outer fibrous capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla

Question 6

• What is the inner zone of the cortex described as?

Answer 6

Juxtamedullar

Question 7

• Describe the structure of the kidney in the cow?

Answer 7

Cow has a multi-lobed structure with a lobulated surface to the kidney

Question 8

• What is located medially to the right kidney?

Answer 8

Caudal vena cava

Question 9

• Where does the ureter terminate?

Answer 9

On the dorso-lateral bladder surface

Question 10

• What makes up the wall of the ureter?

Answer 10

Mucous membrane, lamina propria, muscular layer, adventitia

Question 11

• What are the uretic folds?

Answer 11

They extend from the ureteral openings to the neck of the bladder where they fuse

Question 12

• What are the lateral ligaments of the bladder?

Answer 12

Two lateral ligaments and a median ligament

Question 13

• What are the three portions of the male urethra?

Answer 13

Pre-prostatic, prostatic and penile

Question 14

• Describe the vascular supply of the kidney?

Answer 14

Aorta  renal artery  interlobar artery  arcuate artery  interlobular artery  afferent glomerular artery  Glomerulus  efferent glomerular artery  renal tubule plexus  interlobular vein  arcuate vein  interlobar vein  renal vein  caudal vena cava

Question 15

• What artery supplies the bladder?

Answer 15

Caudal vesicular artery

Question 16

• Which nerves innervate the bladder?

Answer 16

Hypogastric nerve (SNS) & pudendal nerve (PSNS)