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KIN3470 > MACRONUTRIENTS: LIPIDS > Flashcards

MACRONUTRIENTS: LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 lipid groups

A
  1. simple (neutral fats)
  2. compound
  3. derived
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2
Q

simple lipids consists primarily of what?

A

triacylglycerols (TAG)

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3
Q

what are adipocytes?

A

fat cells

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4
Q

why does triacylglycerol synthesis increase after a meal?

A
  1. food absorption increase blood levels of fatty acids and glucose
  2. relatively high levels of circulating insulin facilitate triacylgylcerol synthesis
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5
Q

what is lipolysis

A

triacylglycerol catabolism

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6
Q

what are the 4 conditions that lead to the mobilization of fatty acids via lipolysis

A
  1. low-moderate intensity exercise
  2. low-calorie dieting or fasting
  3. cold stress
  4. prolonged exercise that depletes glycogen reserves
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7
Q

what are the health concerns associated with trans fatty acids?

A
  1. increases harmful low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)
  2. decreases beneficial high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)
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8
Q

what is a phospholipid?

A

fatty acid joined to phosphate group and nitrogen-containing molecule

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9
Q

what are the 4 main functions of phospholipids?

A
  1. interacting with water and lipid to modulate fluid movement across cell membrane
  2. maintain structure of cell
  3. blood clotting
  4. provide structure to insulating sheath that surrounds nerve fibre
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10
Q

what are glycolipids?

A

fatty acids bound with CHO and N2

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11
Q

what are lipoproteins?

A

protein molecule joined with a triacylglycerol or phospholipid

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12
Q

list 3 compound lipids

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. glycolipids
  3. lipoproteins
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13
Q

what are the 4 types of lipoproteins?

A
  1. chylomicrons
  2. high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
  3. very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
  4. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
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14
Q

What is the difference between HDL and LDL

A

HDL: protects against heart disease

LDL: facilitates heart disease

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15
Q

what is the best known derived lipid?

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

what is cholesterol?

A

exists only in animal tissue

does not contain fatty acids

shares some of lipids’ phys and chem characteristics

17
Q

what are the 4 major functions of lipids?

A
  1. energy source and reserve
  2. protect vital organs
  3. thermal insulation
  4. vitamin carrier and hunger suppressor
18
Q

why is fat an ideal source of cellular fuel?

A
  1. carries a lot of energy per unit weight
  2. transports and stores easily
  3. ready source of energy
19
Q

what is the term for the catabolism of triacylglycerol?

A

lypolysis

20
Q

what are the three sources of energy from fat?

A
  1. triacyclglycerol in fat cells (adipocytes)
  2. intramuscular triacylglycerol
  3. circulating triacylclycerol in lipoprotein complexes
21
Q

what are two catacholamines that stimulate lipid activation

A
  1. epinephrine

2. norepinephrine

KIN3470 (14 decks)

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