MACRONUTRIENTS: CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

cellular respiration

Answer 1

glucose+ 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + ATP

Question 2

general formula of carbohydrates

Answer 2

(CH2O)n

Question 3

what are 3 monosaccharides

Answer 3

1. glucose
2. fructose
3. galactose

Question 4

what are 3 major oligosaccharides?

Answer 4

1. maltose
2. lactose
3. sucrose

Question 5

what makes up maltose?

Answer 5

glucose+glucose

Question 6

what makes up lactose?

Answer 6

glucose+galactose

Question 7

what makes up sucrose?

Answer 7

glucose + fructose

Question 8

what are 2 types of polysaccharides?

Answer 8

1. starch: storage form of carbohydrates in plants (amylose, amylopectin)
2. fibre: occurs exclusively in plants (cellulose)

Question 9

what is glycogen?

Answer 9

storage of carbohydrate in the muscle and liver

Question 10

what are 3 important CHO conversions?

Answer 10

1. glycogenesis
2. gluconeogenesis
3. glycogenolysis

Question 11

what is glycogenesis?

Answer 11

glucose to glycogen

Question 12

what is gluconeogenesis:

Answer 12

protein to glucose

Question 13

what is glycogenolysis?

Answer 13

glycogen to glucose

Question 14

what is the role of CHO in the body?

Answer 14

1. energy source
2. protein sparer
3. metabolic primer
4. fuel for CNS

Question 15

what hormones regulate glycogen?

Answer 15

insulin and glucagon

Question 16

what secretes insulin

Answer 16

beta cells of pancreas

Question 17

what secrets glucagon

Answer 17

alpha cells of pancreas

Question 18

what is the function of insulin?

Answer 18

facilitates uptake of glucose into cells

Question 19

what is the function of glucagon?

Answer 19

facilitates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

acts to normalize low blood sugar