MACRONUTRIENTS: CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards
1
Q
cellular respiration
A
glucose+ 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + ATP
2
Q
general formula of carbohydrates
A
(CH2O)n
3
Q
what are 3 monosaccharides
A
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
4
Q
what are 3 major oligosaccharides?
A
- maltose
- lactose
- sucrose
5
Q
what makes up maltose?
A
glucose+glucose
6
Q
what makes up lactose?
A
glucose+galactose
7
Q
what makes up sucrose?
A
glucose + fructose
8
Q
what are 2 types of polysaccharides?
A
- starch: storage form of carbohydrates in plants (amylose, amylopectin)
- fibre: occurs exclusively in plants (cellulose)
9
Q
what is glycogen?
A
storage of carbohydrate in the muscle and liver
10
Q
what are 3 important CHO conversions?
A
- glycogenesis
- gluconeogenesis
- glycogenolysis
11
Q
what is glycogenesis?
A
glucose to glycogen
12
Q
what is gluconeogenesis:
A
protein to glucose
13
Q
what is glycogenolysis?
A
glycogen to glucose
14
Q
what is the role of CHO in the body?
A
- energy source
- protein sparer
- metabolic primer
- fuel for CNS
15
Q
what hormones regulate glycogen?
A
insulin and glucagon
