Macromolecules: Proteins Flashcards
Protein Monomers
Amino Acids
How many Amino Acids are there
20
What are the 4 groups of Amino Acids
Polar, Non-polar, negatively charged, positively charged
Electrically Charged Properties
Soluble in water, Hydrophilic, can form Hydrogen or Ionic Bonds
Polar Amino Acids
Can form hydrogen bonds, Hydrophilic, somewhat soluble
Nonpolar Amino Acids
Cannot form Hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, Hydrophobic, non-soluble
Protein Polymers created by
A condensation Reaction
Peptide Bond
A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between two amino acids during protein synthesis.
This results in the creation of a peptide bond between the carbon atom of the carboxyl group and the nitrogen atom of the amino group.
How to tell if an Amino acid is ionized or not
- Check for a charge
- Check for Hydrogens
How to identify what type of amino acid it is
- Check for charge
- Check if there is an oxygen in the sidechain
Can Polypeptide chains bend
The whole chain can flex or rotate, but the bond can’t
Shape of the protein is
vital to its function
Primary Structure
Polypeptide chain
Secondary Structure
Interactions between Amino Acids
Tertiary Structure
Interactions between distant Amino Acids
Quaternary Structure
Addition of other polypeptides
Protein Folding
Often Spontaneous
Folded is more energetically stable
Denatured can’t function
Protein Functions
Catalysis, Defense, movement, signalling, Structure, Transport
Defense
Identifies/Marks invading molecules, One invader = one antibody. Example Immunoglobin
Catlysis
Binds substrates, one enzyme = one reaction; induced fit. Example Amylase
Movement
Attaches to cargo and walks on tracks. head attaches to cargo, feet to tracks. Example Kinesin
Signalling
embedded or Studded on cell wall, specific to molecules in/outside the cell. Example Insulin
Transport
Allows some molecules into the cell. Example Porin
