Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Protons

Answer 2

Determines atomic number-Defines atomic identity

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

A unit of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler units by ordinary chemical processes

Question 4

Protons + Neutrons

Answer 4

Isotope identity- Mass numbers

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

Atoms of the same element (same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Question 6

Radioactivity is determined by

Answer 6

electrons

Question 7

Element

Answer 7

More than one atom of the same type of atom, joined by chemical bonds

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

Any substance held together with chemical bonds of the same element

Question 9

Compound

Answer 9

Molecule with different atoms of different elements

Question 10

Energy

Answer 10

The capacity to do work or supply heat

Question 11

Thermal Energy

Answer 11

The energy molecules have due to their motion, a subset of kinetic energy

Question 12

Radioactive Decay

Answer 12

The process by which a radioactive atom releases energy and particles to produce a more stable isotope. Ejects a neutron

Question 13

Chemical Energy

Answer 13

The energy a molecule stores in chemical bonds, a subset of potential energy

Question 14

Chemical Bond

Answer 14

A lasting attraction between two atoms

Question 15

Covalent Bond

Answer 15

A chemical bond between two atoms which share electrons

Question 16

Nonpolar Bond

Answer 16

Electrons shared roughly between two atoms which share electrons

Question 17

Polar Bond

Answer 17

Electrons shared unequally, more electronegative atom wins

Question 18

Which bonds have the most potential energy

Answer 18

The Longest, weakest bonds

Question 19

Ionic Bond

Answer 19

A chemical bond between two atoms involving the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 20

Strongest bond

Answer 20

Ionic Bond

Question 21

Chemical reaction

Answer 21

Process by which one or more reactants are converted into one or more products

Question 22

PH

Answer 22

Potential of Hydrogen; measure of Hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 23

Give up protons easily

Answer 23

Acids

Question 24

Acquires protons easily

Answer 24

Bases

Question 25

Buffer

Answer 25

Substance that keeps a solution at a constant PH

Question 26

Important biological buffers

Answer 26

Carbonic acid, Phosphate buffer system, Protein buffers (Hemoglobin, albumin, etc)

Question 27

Spontaneous Reaction

Answer 27

Has enough energy for reaction

Question 28

Non-spontaneous Reaction

Answer 28

Must be acted on by something else to give it energy

Question 29

Transition State

Answer 29

Where new bonds are formed while old ones dissolve

Question 30

Exothermic

Answer 30

Reactants have higher energy levels than products, usually spontaneous

Question 31

Polarity

Answer 31

Unequal distribution of charges across a molecule due to differences in electronegativity

Question 32

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 32

Electrostatic bonds between the partial neg. Atom of one molecule and partial positive atom of another molecule. Weakest bond

Question 33

Autoionization of water

Answer 33

2 H2O —> H30 + OH, Happens spontaneously, water turning into an acid and a base

Question 34

Delta G

Answer 34

Determines spontaneity, positive means more spontaneous

Question 35

Factors that influence Reaction rate

Answer 35

Temperature Concentration of reactants Addition of enzyme