Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATI TEAS exam review > Macromolecules in a biological system > Flashcards

Macromolecules in a biological system Flashcards

1
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large polymers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Polymer

A

Chemical compound formed in covalent bonds link monomers in a long repeating chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Macromolecules formed by an endergonic removal of water molecule. This is known as dehydration or condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Releases energy as bonds as breaks between monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars or starches in living organisms. Composed of monosaccharides Typically have 3,4,5,6 carbons long. Can take many forms- linear, branched, or helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monomers

A

Join together to form carbohydrates- formula is Cn H2n O n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two monosaccharides

A

Joined by dehydration synthesis to form disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sucrose

A

Made up of two monosaccharides joined together. One glucose monosaccharide and one fructose monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrates molecules formed by large numbers of linked monosaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycogen

A

Formed by dehydration synthesis and is stored mainly in the liver and the muscles. When needed for energy, this is hydrolyzed into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plants

A

Store glucose as starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oligosaccharides

A

Small number of monosaccharides. Found on the surface of the cell membrane and function in cell recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cellulose

A

Major component in rigid cell walls in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycoprotein and glycolipids

A

Molecules that contain carbohydrates and other macromolecules. Function in cell recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lipids

A

Macromolecules that are not true polymers. Formed by a linear arrangement or carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms called fatty acid chains. Hydrophobic and non polar

17
Q

Lipids- 4 groups

A

Fats, oil, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Insoluble in water. Used as energy, storage and cushioning.

18
Q

Phospholipids

A

Two fatty acid chains attached to phosphate molecule. Forms a semipermeable membrane around cells. Help to separate aqueous compartments in living things.

19
Q

Steroids

A

Four ring structure. Includes cholesterol, sex hormones, hormones in the adrenal cortex. Function as chemical messengers

20
Q

Protein

A

Polymers of long chains of amino acids monomers. Found in eggs, meat, and beans.

21
Q

Amino acids

A

Central carbon, an amine group, a carboxylic acid, and a side group.

22
Q

The link between amino acids and a covalent bond is

A

Peptide bond

23
Q

Keratin and collagen

A

Hydrophobic amino acids. Not soluble in water. Structure of hair and nails

24
Q

Globular protein

A

Hydrophilic surface. These are amino acids and are soluble in water. Function as carrier molecules: hemoglobin, antibodies, and enzymes

25
Q

Enzymes

A

Class of proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction. Speed up reactions by lowering energy. Activity is affected by environment, temperature and pH

26
Q

Exergonic

A

Release energy

27
Q

Endergonic

A

Require energy

28
Q

Pepsin

A

Secreted by stomach cells and initiates protein digestion

29
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Polymers made of linked nucleotides that contain hydrogen, carbon oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. DNA and RNA live in organisms

30
Q

Nucleotides

A

Have 3 components: a nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphates group.

31
Q

DNA

A

Genes. Located on chromosomes. Composed of deoxyribose sugar, one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine)

32
Q

RNA

A

Ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil) Single stranded molecule. This helps convert info stored in genes composed of DNA into the proteins.

33
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger. Located in the nucleus. Transcribes the genetic code for a protein from DNA

34
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosome. Carries genetic code out of the nucleus to ribosomes located in the cell cytoplasm

35
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer. Brings the amino acid dictated by mRNA to rRNA.

36
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis from amino acid monomers

ATI TEAS exam review (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions