Chromosomes, genes and DNA

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

Genetic information is stored here. Organisms like bacteria have a single circular chromosome. 23 pairs of chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes. Vary in length

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Sequences of DNA located on chromosomes. Contain the information needed to synthesize protein. 25,000 genes

Question 3

Structural genes

Answer 3

Converted into short lives RNA. (mRNA) that is decoded by ribosomes and assembled into proteins that build structures in living things

Question 4

Regulatory genes

Answer 4

Control the expression of protein coding genes by turning off or on activity. Control the expression of different subsets of structural genes in different cell types.

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Macromolecule that contain genes that are coded instructions for a cell to produce protein. Double helix.

Question 6

Sides of DNA ladder

Answer 6

Phosphates and sugar molecules. Made up of four nucleotide bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. The gene will end with a “stop signal” codon.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Organelles that assemble protein.

Question 9

Two strands of ladder

Answer 9

These two strands are complimentary. Must be paired correctly and specifically- A T and C G. Complementary base pairs are linked by two hydrogen bonds. Run in opposite directions. Anti parallel. 5 to 3 direction

Question 10

Chromatids

Answer 10

Before a cell replicates chromosomes must contain DNA to be copied to make two identical copies