Macromolecules, Carbohydrates

Question 1

Chemicals of Life

Answer 1

1- carbon
2- isomers
3- macromolecules

Question 2

carbon

Answer 2

has 4 outer electrons so it can make 4 covalent bonds to fulfill its octet, makes it ideal to a building block of life, readily bonds with O, P, S, N, and H

Question 3

Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

carbon chains with hydrogen or functional side groups EX: fatty acids, plastics, gasoline, vaseline

Question 4

isomers

Answer 4

have the same molecular formula but different in structure (structural isomers) and attachment (stereoisomers EX: enantiomers and chiral)

Question 5

enantiomers

Answer 5

molecules that are mirror images of each other

Question 6

chiral molecule

Answer 6

molecule that has a mirror-image versions

Question 7

Macromolecules

Answer 7

polymer, bonds broken by hydrolysis reaction, bonds formed by dehydration reaction, grouped into:
1- carbohydrates
2- nucleic acids 
3- proteins
4- lipids

Question 8

polymer

Answer 8

long molecule linked together by large amounts of small, similar chemical subunits called monomers

Question 9

carbohydrates

Answer 9

• are polymers of sugars that typically have a 1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O = (CH2O)n (n is the number of carbon atoms)
• the bond between carbon molecules store energy = starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals)

Question 10

monomer

Answer 10

sugar

Question 11

Monosaccharide

Answer 11

6 carbon sugars EX: fructose, glucose, and galactose

Question 12

disaccharide

Answer 12

2 monosaccharides (sugars) EX: lactose, sucrose

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

break molecules down

Question 14

Maltose

Answer 14

malt - 2 glucose; Enzyme: maltase

Question 15

sucrose

Answer 15

glucose and fructose; enzyme: sucrase

Question 16

lactose

Answer 16

galactose and glucose; enzyme: lactase

Question 17

polysaccharide

Answer 17

3 or more monosaccharide (sugars) EX: cellulose, lignin, chitin

Question 18

cellulose

Answer 18

fibers found in plants; glucose molecules in chains

Question 19

glycogen

Answer 19

glucose molecules

Question 20

amylose

Answer 20

glucose = simple structure of starch in a branching arrangement

Question 21

amylopectin

Answer 21

glucose - complicated structure of starch in a helical arrangment