Basic Chemistry

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

has mass, occupies space, is composed of atoms

Question 2

atoms

Answer 2

made of subatomic substances: protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

+ charge, in nucleus, 1 amu, defines the element

Question 4

AMU

Answer 4

atomic mass unit

Question 5

Electrons

Answer 5

• charge, orbits nucleus, 0 amu, contributes to charge

Question 6

Neutrons

Answer 6

no charge, in nucleus, 1 amu, contributes to mass

Question 7

Subatomic particles

Answer 7

determines chemical properties and identify of atoms

Question 8

Elements

Answer 8

determined by their number of protons in the nucleus, form compounds to achieve a full or empty outer energy level

Question 9

Atomic

Answer 9

the number of protons in an element

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

elements with different number of neutrons, can be stable or radioactive (emit radiation)

Question 11

Half-life

Answer 11

time it takes for one-half of the atoms in a sample to decay

Question 12

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 12

Isotopes in radioactive decay

Question 13

Radioactive decay

Answer 13

nuclear breakup which emits a significant amount of energy

Question 14

Ions

Answer 14

elements with differ. numbers of electrons giving them a positive or a negative charge

Question 15

Cation

Answer 15

+ charged, have more protons than electrons, attracted to anions

Question 16

Anion

Answer 16

• charged, have more electrons than protons, attracted to cations

Question 17

Bohr Model

Answer 17

electrons are found in certain areas including the nucleus called orbital (only 2 electrons per orbital)

Question 18

s - orbital

Answer 18

spherical

Question 19

p - orbital

Answer 19

dumbbell

Question 20

Energy levels

Answer 20

electrons release energy as the move down (towards to nucleus) and absorb energy when they go up (away from the nucleus)

Question 21

4 Organic elements that make up 96.3% of living things

Answer 21

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 22

Chemical reactions

Answer 22

breaking or forming in chemical bonds, determined by the position and properties of electrons

Question 23

reactants

Answer 23

original compounds of chemical reaction

Question 24

products

Answer 24

end compounds of chemical reaction

Question 25

Reaction

Answer 25

affected by temperature, number of reactants or products, and catalysts

Question 26

Oxidation reaction

Answer 26

molecule loses an electron (H atoms)

Question 27

Reduction reaction

Answer 27

molecule gains an electron (O atoms)

Question 28

Bonds

Answer 28

formed by the attraction between + and - molecules and the need to achieve a stable octet ( or rule of 8)

Question 29

Molecules

Answer 29

atoms bound together to form a stable configuration

Question 30

Compounds

Answer 30

Atoms bound together with more than one element EX: C6H12O6

Question 31

Iconic bond

Answer 31

formed by 2 or more ions, atoms with opposite electrical charges attract EX: NaCl

Question 32

Covalent bond

Answer 32

formed by elements that share valence electrons

Question 33

Non polar covalent bond

Answer 33

electrons are shared evenly EX: H2 and O2

Question 34

Polar covalent bond

Answer 34

electrons are shared unevenly EX: H2O

Question 35

Electronegativity

Answer 35

an element’s affinity for electrons, increases left to right and decreases down the column in the periodic table

Question 36

Trace elements

Answer 36

elements found in scarce amounts but still vital for some physiological functions EX: iodine needed for thyroid hormones

Question 37

Minerals

Answer 37

abundant elements in living things: C, H, N, O, Na, Cl, Ca, P, K, S, Fe, Mg

Question 38

Non reactive elements

Answer 38

have full other energy level (octet rule)