Macromolecules Flashcards
Macromolecules
Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins
Polymers
Long chains of molecules
Monomers
Smaller chain of molecules
Enzymes
Required to break down chemicals; Speed up the process
Dehydration Synthesis
Removes the water from 2 molecules, combining them into 1, covalently
Hydrolysis
Breaks down 1 molecule into 2 and adds water
Carbohydrates
Sugars
Monosaccharide
Single sugar
Disaccharide
Double sugar
Polysaccharide
Multiple sugar
Glucose
Most common sugar
Carbonyl Group
C=O
Hydroxyl Group
OH
Glycosidic Linkage
A covalent formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction; creates a disaccharide
Storage Polysaccharides
Starch - Plants
Glycogen - Animals
Structural Polysaccharides
Cellulose - Builds plant walls
Chitin - Exoskeleton of Arthropods
Lipids
Hydrophobic fats
Saturated Fat
Saturated with hydrogen; single bonds; 3 tails
Unsaturated Fat
Not as saturated with hydrogen; double bond; kink in tail; 3 tails
Trans Fat
Unsaturated fat with a trans double bond
Phospholipid
2 fatty acid tails; cis double bond; kink in tail
Esther Linkage
Builds Triglycerides and Phospholipids
Structures formed by Phospholipids
Lipid Bilayer - Sheet
Micelle - Sphere; Hydrophobic
Liposome - Sphere; Hydrophilic
