Macromolecules Flashcards
Carbohydrates
CH²O
1Carbon:1Oxygen
Ring
NO NITROGEN
NO SULFUR
monomer vs polymer carbs
monosaccharide
1 sugar
polysaccharide
many sugars
mono->poly for storage
glucose in blood -> glycogen in liver
carbs function
structure (cellulose-cell wall, chitin-exoskeleton)
communication (glyxoproteins on cells)
! metabolic energy source
proteins
amino group + carboxylic acid + R-group (bulky, polar/nonpolar, acid/base)
monomer vs polymer protein
amino acid vs polyeptide (strong C-N bond)
organisation of proteins
1’ order
2’ folding into sheets/spirals
3’ multiple 2’ structures
4’ multiple 3’ structures
Enzyme
protein catalysts (encourage rxns to occur)
lipids
fats, oils, waxes, hormones
nonpolar
long chain fatty acids
CARBON»_space; OXYGEN.
function of lipids
insulation (temperature, neurotransmission)
cellular messangers (hormones)
phospholid
hydrophilic phosphate group
hydrophobic carbon chains
P - two carbon chains
cell membrane
nucleic acids
nucleotides (monomer)
- P
- 5 carbon sugar
- Nitrogenous base
RNA / DNA (polymer)
RNA
3 oxygen in ring (1 alone, 2 OH)
pseudoknots, hairpin loops, T-loops
more variety -> functional
A=U
C=G
DNA
2 oxygen in ring (1 alone, 1 OH, 1 H)
stable double-helix
A=T
C=G (stronger)
Lock & Key model
active site of emzyme shaped to fit specific substrate like a puzzle
induced fit model
when specific substrate is near acrive site of enzyme it will adapt for a tighter fit
conpetitive/non competitive inhibition
competitive inhibitors bind to active site
non competitive inhibitors bind to allosteric site, changing shape of active site
saturated vs unsaturated lipids
Saturated (singlebonds, solid room temp)
Unsaturated (Doublebonds, liquid room temp)
-cis-fats bend in chain
-trans-fat animal meats, no bend
