Macromolecules

Question 1

What are the 4 macromolecules in all organisms?

Answer 1

-Nucleic acids
-Proteins
-Carbohydrates
-Lipids

Question 2

What atom forms the backbone of organic molecules ?

Answer 2

Carbon

Question 3

Name the atoms preset in the following macromolecules :
1. Lipids:
2. Carbohydrates:
3. Proteins:
4.Nucleic acids :

Answer 3

1. C,H, (small amount of O)

2.C, H, O

3.C,H,O,N (some S)

4.C,H,O,P,N

Question 4

State which reaction is anabolic and which is catabolic:
1.Synthesis
2.Decomposition aka Hydrolysis

Answer 4

1.Anabolic
2. Catabolic

Question 5

Classes of carbohydrates:

Answer 5

-Monomer
-Dimer
-Polymer

Question 6

Groups of carbs

Answer 6

• simple carbs
  -complex carbs

Question 7

Give the monosaccharides of the following disaccharides:
1) Lactose
2) Maltose
3) Sucrose

Answer 7

1) Glucose+ Galactose
2) Glucose+ Glucose
3) Glucose + Fructose

Question 8

Functions of carbohydrates:

Answer 8

1. Energy:
   1.1 Immediate energy. Cells use mainly glucose to
   make ATP: in prokaryotes & eukaryotes
   1.2 Energy storage: Excess glucose stored as a polysaccharide: starch (plants) or glycogen (prokaryotes,animals,fungus)
2. Structural Support
3. Found in other molecules (ex found in DNA)

Question 9

What cells do with saccharides?

Answer 9

Monosaccharides :
-Can be used to make ATP
- Can be bonded together to make di/polysaccharides
Disaccharides:
-Can be digested to monosaccharides or boned together to make polysaccharides
Polysaccharides
-Can be used as a source of stored energy
-Can be digested to disaccharides, then monosaccharides as needed.

Question 10

Saccharides in all living organisms (hint: Photoautotrophs and heterotrophs)

Answer 10

• Photoautotrophs make monosaccharides through photoynthesis (Plants, photosynthetic protists & Cyanobacteria )
• Heterotrophs consume monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides (Most bacteria, lll animals, all fungi, many protists.