Life Flashcards
Name the 9 characteristics of Life
- hierarchy of life
- organisms are made up of cells
- cells are organized
- cells and organisms can reproduce
- Energy transfer and transformation
- Cell/organisms maintain homeostasis
- Respond to stimuli
- Grow and develop
- Populations of organisms evolve and adapt
Biological organization
Atom —> Molecule—-> Macromolecules —>Organelles —> Cells —>Tissue —>Organs —>Organ system —> organism
Ecological organization
Organism —> Population—>Community —> Ecosystem —> Biosphere
Unicellular or multicellular ?
- Bacteria
- Animals (including Humans)
- Plants
- Fungus
- Protist
- Bacteria : All are unicellular
- Animals : All are multicellular
- Plants: All are multicellular
- Fungus : Some are unicellular, Most multicellular
- Protist: Many unicellular, many multicellular
What do we mean by ‘order’?
The way the genes of organisms are expressed
Why do these need energy transfer and transformation ?:
-Cells
-Ecosystems
-Both
- Cells : 1. Metabolism : all reactions (either building or breaking down of molecules )
2. To maintain Homeostasis - Ecosystems : 1.To survive
- Both: Essential for growth, repair, reproduction .
How does energy transfer and/ or transformation occur in ecosystems ?
-Energy flows from 3 types of organisms :Producers —> Consumers —> Decomposers
Difference b/w growth and development
Growth: size/ number of cells
Development: All changes that take place in an organism
What does ‘maintain homeostasis’ mean?
-Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous changes in the external environment.
- Dynamic state of equilibrium
Where is maintaining homeostasis important?
-At cell level (pH, water content, ATP levels)
-Huge temperature changes outside-> minimal temperature changes in the body
2 ways to maintain homeostasis and explain them
-Negative feedback :returns a variable to its target value
-Positive feedback: Response enhances the original stimulus: move further away from starting point
How does an organism evolve?
DUMBASS!!! POPULATIONS EVOLVE not ORGANISMS!!
5 common themes of characteristics of life and briefly explain each:
1) Organization : at each level, life becomes more and more complex, new properties emerge
2) Information : expression and transmission of genetic info
3) Energy and matter : require the transfer and transformation of energy and matter: at cellular level & ecosystem level.
4) Interaction theme:
—>Cellular level: (+) or (-) feedback
—>Systems of molecules
—>Organismal level: cells interact with each other
—> Ecosystem Level: Organisms interact with each other & their physical environment.
5) Evolution theme: Populations evolve, resulting in both unity of features (if have common ancestor) and diversity.
Name the 3 domains:
-Eukarya
-Bacteria
-Archea
Hierarchical taxonomy
Domain—>Kingdom—>Phyla—>Classes—>Orders—>Families—>Genera—>Species
